Tuberculosis in population of Russian Federation

Abstract

The epidemic situation with tuberculosis in the Russian Federation is improving, but remains tense. From 2008 to 2018, the tuberculosis incidence rate of the population of the Russian Federation decreased by 1.9 times. The factors affecting the course of the epidemic process of tuberculosis infection are considered: the reliability of indicators, the standard of living of the population, the timely identification of patients with tuberculosis, HIV infection in patients with tuberculosis and the resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) to medicinal anti-TB drugs. The incidence of tuberculosis in some cases underestimated due to deliberate misregistration and registration of newly diagnosed patients with tuberculosis. The use of Diaskintest during mass examinations of children and adolescents does not allow for the timely diagnosis of active tuberculosis in 60 % of children and in 12 % of adolescents identified from the Mantoux test. Primary infection of MBT in children 0–17 years of age with the use of Diaskintest, compared with the use of the Mantoux test (virage), is detected on average only in 6.9 % (from 3.1 to 26.3 %) of children with primary infection (virage) diagnosed by Mantoux test.

Medical Care for Tuberculosis-HIV-Coinfected Patients in Russia with Respect to a Changeable Patients’ Structure

“…Data from the cross-sectional, retrospective, epidemiological study showed that in 2019, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in the biological fluids of 79.6% of HIV-TB patients. In this group of patients with primary MDR-TB, simultaneous resistance to two main anti-TB drugs, rifampicin and isoniazid, was detected in 41.0% of cases in 2010 [17], while its overall share was growing to 56.2% of patients in 2019. In TB patients without HIV infection, MDR-TB was registered in 30.1% of cases, and bacterial excretion was found in 42.8% in 2019 [9].…”

“…In 2000, the proportion of HIV-TB patients aged 15-29 years was 57.3% (no mean age available), but by 2019 it had dropped to 1.0% (mean age = 44.3 years) (Figure 2, Table 1) [12,13]. Among all newly diagnosed HIV patients, both infected and uninfected with TB, men accounted for 60.8% of cases in 2019 [14], and among HIV-TB patients, 68.2%, which corresponds to the total number of TB patients in the general Russian population [9,15].…”

Factors contributing to the high prevalence of multidrug-resistance/Rifampicin-resistance in patients with tuberculosis: an epidemiological cross sectional and qualitative study from Khabarovsk krai region of Russia

“…Russia carries one of the greatest burdens of MDR/RR-TB in the world. In 2018, MDR/RR-TB accounted for 35% of all new TB cases and 71% of all previously treated TB cases, with an MDR/RR-TB incidence of 27 per 100,000 and second highest in the world MDR/RR-TB prevalence rate [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Effectiveness of antiepidemic events in tuberculosis in context of changing epidemic process trend

“…Общепризнанным перспективным на правлением является приоритетная работа с отдельными группам населения с учетом степени их вовлеченности в эпидемический процесс. Заболеваемость населения туберку лезом зависит от таких параметров, как воз раст и пол, но именно возраст впервые за болевших туберкулезом является наиболее доступным качественным статистическим показателем, позволяющим оценить благо получие ситуации в регионе, прогнозиро вать ее изменение и оценить динамику эпи демического процесса [5][6][7][8].…”