Tuberculosis as a Manifestation of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Sunderam, Gnana; McDonald, Reynard J.; Maniatis, Theodore; Oleske, James M.; Kapila, Rajendra; Reichman, Lee B.

doi:10.1001/jama.1986.03380030064029

Cited by 390 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The fi rst reports of the association between HIV/AIDS and TB were published in the late 1980s, 68,69 and warnings were clearly articulated in the early 1990s about the impending scale of the forthcoming dual Table 2 Quarterly report of diabetes screening in TB patients* Number of TB patients registered Number already known with DM Number screened with RBG Number with RBG > 6.1 mmol/l (110 mg/dl) Number screened with FBG Number with FBG < 6.1 mmol/l (110 mg/dl) Number with FBG 6.1-7.0 mmol/l (110-126 mg/dl) Number with FBG > 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) Number newly diagnosed with DM (FBG > 7.0 or 126 mg/dl) Number with known DM + number with new DM Number referred to diabetes care Number confi rmed with DM in diabetes clinic and entered to DM care * Quarterly report completed 1 month after end of the quarter. TB = tuberculosis; DM = diabetes mellitus; RBG = random blood glucose; FBG = fasting blood glucose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The looming epidemic of diabetes-associated tuberculosis: learning lessons from HIV-associated tuberculosis

Harries

Lin

Satyanarayana³

et al. 2011

int j tuberc lung dis

115

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The looming epidemic of diabetes-associated tuberculosis: learning lessons from HIV-associated tuberculosis

Harries

Lin

Satyanarayana³

et al. 2011

int j tuberc lung dis

115

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“…For QC-PCR, the extracted RNA was aliquoted into six different tubes, each of which contained defined copies of SIVmac gag competitor RNA. The RNA mixtures were reverse transcribed to cDNA and competitively amplified by a 35-cycle PCR using a pair of SIVmac gag-specific primers (26). The amplified PCR products containing wild-type and competitor were separated on 2% agarose gels and measured for their densities in a GS 700 Imaging Densitometer (Bio-Rad).…”

Section: Animals and Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Latency and Reactivation of AIDS-Related Mycobacterial Infections

Shen

Sehgal

et al. 2004

J Virol

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The immune mechanisms associated with the evolution from latent to clinically active mycobacterial coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected humans remain poorly understood. Previous work has demonstrated that macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac) can develop persistent Mycobacterium bovis BCG coinfection and a fatal SIV-related tuberculosis-like disease by 4 months after BCG inoculation. In the present study, SIVmac-infected monkeys that developed clinically quiescent mycobacterial infection after BCG inoculation were followed prospectively for the reactivation of the BCG and the development of SIV-related tuberculosis-like disease. The development of clinically latent BCG coinfection in these SIVmac-infected monkeys was characterized by a change from high to undetectable levels It is estimated that one-third of the world's population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Approximately 5 to 10% of the latently infected individuals may subsequently develop active tuberculosis during their lifetimes (21). The immune system can effectively control an M. tuberculosis infection but not eradicate the latent bacilli. The capacity of M. tuberculosis to survive immune elimination and reactivate suggests that both host and microbial factors play a role in maintaining latent infection with M. tuberculosis. While gene deletion studies have shown that some M. tuberculosis-encoded metabolic enzymes are associated with persistence of the bacilli (6,16,20,29), host factors that prevent reactivation of latent M. tuberculosis infection are poorly characterized (5, 13). Studies with mice suggest that immune mechanisms for controlling primary M. tuberculosis infection may be different from those for maintaining chronic (latent) infection of the bacilli.

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“…A ocorrência simultânea da infecção pelo HIV provoca alterações imunológicas que favoreceria o aparecimento da tuberculose naquelas pessoas já infectadas pelo BK (Rieder e Snider 6 , 1986; Sunderame col. 15 4 , 1992).…”

Section: % De Casos Notificados: 80%unclassified

Avaliação do excesso de casos de tuberculose atribuídos a infecção HIV/AIDS: ensaio preliminar

Ruffino-Netto

1995

Rev. Saúde Pública

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Propõe-se realizar um exercício de estimação do risco atribuível por cento (RA%) da ocorrência de casos de tuberculose na vigência da co-infecção HIV/AIDS. A seguinte fórmula é apresentada:onde: p = proporção infectados pelo BK; r = risco de infecção tuberculosa; h = proporção de infectados pelo HIV; m 1 = coeficiente de morbidade reativação endógena; m 2 = coeficientes de morbidade de reinfecção exógena; m 3 = coeficiente de morbidade tuberculose primária; R = risco relativo de morbidade entre infectados pelo HIV. IntroduçãoA co-infecção Tuberculose/HIV/AIDS tem criado problemas de diferentes naturezas que atingem a população em geral, aos clínicos, epidemiologistas e planejadores da saúde pública.A tuberculose, endemia caminhando para certo controle em alguns países, "descontrolada" ainda em outros, tem sua tendência alterada frente a ocorrência simultânea da infecção pelo HIV. Esta última tem sido apontada como a mais significativa ocorrência que alterou o "equilíbrio entre o homem e o bacilo de Kock nos últimos 100 anos, sendo decisiva no risco de adoecimento por tuberculose, seja por reativação endógena ou infecção exógena" (Ministério da Saúde 5 , 1994).Tem-se assinalado (Styblo 14 , 1990) que o impacto da infecção pelo HIV sobre a tuberculose numa determinada população dependeria dos seguintes elementos:1-Prevalência da infecção pelo HIV na comunidade e sua tendência. 2-Prevalência da infecção tuberculosa na população entre 15-49 anos. 3-Taxa de morbidade de infecção tuberculosa na população para tuberculose (ativa). 4-Taxa e tendência do risco anual de infecção tuberculosa. 5-Taxa de detecção de casos novos, de cura, de abandono, de recaída da tuberculose em pacientes bacilíferos, infectados ou não pelo HIV. Já se teve oportunidade de apresentar anteriormente modelos epidemiométricos em tuberculose (Ruffino-Netto, 1975,1976 onde se estudou a prevalência da doença e alguns modelos especificamente voltados para analisar as equações diferenciais que regem as mudanças de estado nas diferentes categorias classificatórias da tuberculose. Em particular estudou-se os estados "virgem de infecção", "infectados" e "doentes". As leis que regem Paulo -Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 -14049-900 -Ribeirão Preto, SP -Brasil Edição subvencionada pela FAPESP. Processo 95/2290-6.

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Tuberculosis as a Manifestation of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Cited by 390 publications

References 18 publications

The looming epidemic of diabetes-associated tuberculosis: learning lessons from HIV-associated tuberculosis

The looming epidemic of diabetes-associated tuberculosis: learning lessons from HIV-associated tuberculosis

Clinical Latency and Reactivation of AIDS-Related Mycobacterial Infections

Avaliação do excesso de casos de tuberculose atribuídos a infecção HIV/AIDS: ensaio preliminar

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