Tuberculosis and Human Immune Deficiency Virus Co-infection in Debre Markos Referral Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia: A Five Years Retrospective Study

Esmael, Ahmed; G, Tsegaye; Wubie, Moges; Endris, Mengistu

doi:10.4172/2155-6113.1000263

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with the global trend, more males (66.6%) than females (33.4%) were diagnosed with TB in this study [1]. The reasons for gender disparity with regards to TB infection is not well understood though it is believed that some cultural and biological factors may play a role [21]. [14] as well as the average rate for Africa (32%) [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

First Nationwide Survey of the Prevalence of TB/HIV Co-Infection in Ghana

Addo¹,

Ampofo²,

Owusu³

et al. 2018

JTR

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Background: To better understand the extent of the magnitude of tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infection in Ghana, a baseline study was conducted to establish the national prevalence of the dual infection. The study aimed to determine the most prevalent HIV serotype (HIV-1 or HIV-2) in TB patients (new and old cases); genotype mycobacterial species causing TB/HIV co-infection and determine their drug susceptibility patterns. Methods: Sputum and dried blood samples were collected from 503 TB patients from 67 health facilities nationwide between December 2007 and November 2008. All samples were processed for mycobacterial and HIV testing using conventional and molecular methods. Results: A total of 517 paired sputum samples were received from 517 patients. A total 503 patients [335 (66.6%) males; 168 (33.4%) females] had at least one culture positive sample. Majority (93.0%) of the patients were new cases while 7.0% were old cases. All 503 TB isolates were Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Of 503 blood samples, 74 were positive for HIV (14.7%), comprising 71 (14.1%) and 3 (0.6%) for HIV-1 and HIV-1 & 2 respectively; none was positive for HIV-2 alone. The seroprevalence of HIV in newly diagnosed TB patients and those already on treatment, was 69/468 (14.7%) and 5/35 (14.3%) respectively (p > 0.05). Differentiation of isolates from TB/HIV co-infected patients showed that 70/74 (94.6%) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis while 4/74 (5.4%) were Mycobacterium africanum. Monoresistance to isoniazid and rifampicin were 4/74 (5.4%) and 1/74 (1.4%) respectively; resistance to both drugs (multi-drug resistant-MDR) was not observed. Sixty nine (93.2%) isolates were susceptible to both drugs. Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV infection in TB patients How to cite this paper: Addo

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

First Nationwide Survey of the Prevalence of TB/HIV Co-Infection in Ghana

Addo¹,

Ampofo²,

Owusu³

et al. 2018

JTR

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“…Thus, cumulative incidence of Tuberculosis (21.4%) reported in this study was lower than study done in former capital of Tanzania, Dares Salaam (27.1%) and study done in North west Ethiopia (Debre Markos hospital) (44%) [21]. But, the finding was higher than studies done in Spain and Brazil which were 7.7% [22], and 4.62% [23] respectively.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Incidence and Predictors of Tuberculosis among HIV/AIDS Infected Patients: A Five-Year Retrospective Follow-Up Study

Dalbo¹,

Tamiso²

2016

AID

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Background: Despite increased deliverance of antiretroviral therapy (ART), morbidity and mortality from TB are still predominant among HIV/AIDS infected patients in Ethiopia. Thus, current study aimed to determine magnitude and predictors of tuberculosis among cohort of HIV infected patients at Arba Minch General Hospital, Ethiopia, 2015. Methods: Hospital based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among study population which was HIV/AIDS infected individuals registered from September 2007 to 2013. The data were collected using structured data abstraction form and four ART trained nurses were used to abstract the data. The data were checked for completeness, cleaned and entered into Epi Info 7.0 and analyzed using SPSS version (IBM-21). Results were summarized by using table of frequency, graph, and measure of central tendency. Statistical significance was inferred at P-value ≤ 0.05. Adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine predictors. Result: Four hundred ninety six patient's charts were abstracted. Cumulative and incidence density of tuberculosis were 21.4% (95% CI: 21.3, 21.44) and 5.36 per 100 person year respectively. Cigarette smokers (AOR: 2.82, 95% CI (1.27 -6.27)), household with family size of 3 -4 (AOR: 2.26, 95% CI (1.14 -4.50)), baseline WHO clinical stage III (AOR: 20.26, 95% CI (7.09 -57.6)) and IV (AOR: 22.9, 95% CI (6.91 -76.4)) and heamoglobin level of <10 (AOR: 2.56, 95% CI (1.22 -5.33)) were important predictors (risk factors) of tuberculosis among HIV infected patients. Conclusion and recommendation: Relatively high incident tuberculosis cases were established among HIV infected patients and history of cigarette smoking; family size; hemoglobin level and base line WHO clinical stage were responsible for this incidence. Therefore; early initiation of HAART as per current guideline should get stressed, and the finding that smoking was important predictors for TB in Ethiopia had obvious TB control implication which required high attention focused on fighting against cigarette smoking among HIV infected cohort.

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“…The finding of the present study showed that treatment success rate is better than other studies done in University of Gondar Teaching Hospital (60.1%), Debremarkos (59.3%), Gambella (55.7%), Hadiya zones (38%-73%), and Northwest Ethiopia at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (26%) [16][17][18][19][20]. The success rate in this study is also higher than studies done in Nigeria [21] and Malawi [22] which have reported success rate as 76.6% and 72% respectively.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Factors Affecting Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis among Tuberculosis Patients in West Ethiopia

Kassa¹,

Dedefo²,

Korsa³

et al. 2018

J Bioanal Biomed

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Background: Tuberculosis is a life threatening disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. In developing countries the incidence of tuberculosis has been increasing steadily since the 1990s, particularly in African countries. Several European countries have lately reported a slight increase in tuberculosis, but these are mostly related to immigrants from high-incidence countries.Objective: To assess the treatment outcomes of tuberculosis and its associated factors among tuberculosis patients on anti-tuberculosis therapy in Nekemte Referral Hospital, West Ethiopia. Methods:A four years retrospective cross-sectional study was used and all patients' information that fulfilled the inclusion criteria was retrieved from records of patients with basic information for all registered patients. We analyzed the records of 315 tuberculosis patients who had known outcome in Nekemte Referral Hospital from September 2012-August 2016.Results: From the total of 315 patients who had known treatment out come in Nekemte Referral Hospital, tuberculosis type was categorized as smear positive pulmonary TB in 68(21.5%), smear negative pulmonary TB in 107(34.0%), and extra pulmonary in 140(44.4%) cases. Records of the 315 TB patients showed that 54(17.01%) were cured, 206(65.4%) completed treatment, 24(3.5%) had treatment failure, 11(3.5%) defaulted, 20(6.3%) were died. The overall treatment success rate of the TB patients was 82.5%. Age ≥ 45 years (AOR=7.1, 95% CI=1.5-34.3, p=0.014), smear negative PTB (AOR=3.4, 95%, CI=1.5-9.5, P=0.023) and retreatment cases (AOR=12.0, 95%, CI=4.2-34.4, P<0.001) were significantly associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome. Conclusion:Successful treatment outcome of TB patients was below standard. To improve treatment outcome among TB patients health education on the importance of TB treatment and the consequences of poorly treated TB have to be provided to patients during their follow up.

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Tuberculosis and Human Immune Deficiency Virus Co-infection in Debre Markos Referral Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia: A Five Years Retrospective Study

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

First Nationwide Survey of the Prevalence of TB/HIV Co-Infection in Ghana

First Nationwide Survey of the Prevalence of TB/HIV Co-Infection in Ghana

Incidence and Predictors of Tuberculosis among HIV/AIDS Infected Patients: A Five-Year Retrospective Follow-Up Study

Factors Affecting Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis among Tuberculosis Patients in West Ethiopia

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