Factors Affecting Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis among Tuberculosis Patients in West Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is a life threatening disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. In developing countries the incidence of tuberculosis has been increasing steadily since the 1990s, particularly in African countries. Several European countries have lately reported a slight increase in tuberculosis, but these are mostly related to immigrants from high-incidence countries.Objective: To assess the treatment outcomes of tuberculosis and its associated factors among tuberculosis patients on anti-tuberculosis therapy in Nekemte Referral Hospital, West Ethiopia. Methods:A four years retrospective cross-sectional study was used and all patients' information that fulfilled the inclusion criteria was retrieved from records of patients with basic information for all registered patients. We analyzed the records of 315 tuberculosis patients who had known outcome in Nekemte Referral Hospital from September 2012-August 2016.Results: From the total of 315 patients who had known treatment out come in Nekemte Referral Hospital, tuberculosis type was categorized as smear positive pulmonary TB in 68(21.5%), smear negative pulmonary TB in 107(34.0%), and extra pulmonary in 140(44.4%) cases. Records of the 315 TB patients showed that 54(17.01%) were cured, 206(65.4%) completed treatment, 24(3.5%) had treatment failure, 11(3.5%) defaulted, 20(6.3%) were died. The overall treatment success rate of the TB patients was 82.5%. Age ≥ 45 years (AOR=7.1, 95% CI=1.5-34.3, p=0.014), smear negative PTB (AOR=3.4, 95%, CI=1.5-9.5, P=0.023) and retreatment cases (AOR=12.0, 95%, CI=4.2-34.4, P<0.001) were significantly associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome. Conclusion:Successful treatment outcome of TB patients was below standard. To improve treatment outcome among TB patients health education on the importance of TB treatment and the consequences of poorly treated TB have to be provided to patients during their follow up.

Trend in magnitude of tuberculosis in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a five-year tuberculosis surveillance data analysis

“…The proportion of TB forms as of the analysis is 18.7%, 28.5% and 52.7% for PTB+, PTB− and EPTB respectively. This finding is comparable with the report of a related study from northwest (19.3%, 28.5% and 51.3%) and western (21.5%, 34% and 44.4%) parts of the country respectively [7, 14]. Similar findings were also reported from previous studies in Ethiopia [15–17].…”

“…The average death rate in this study was nearly 3%. This is low when compared to previous study reports of 10.5%, 6.3% and 7.4% in different parts of the country [7, 14, 27]. The reason might be attributed to the consorted efforts in the implementation of TB/HIV collaborative activities in the study area [6].…”

<p>Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes and Associated Factors Among Patients Treated at Woldia General Hospital in Northeast Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study</p>

“…4 This discrepancy might be due to the reason that the previous studies conducted among prisoners, MDR tuberculosis patients, and tuberculosis patients at referral hospitals; where complicated cases were treated causing more unsuccessful treatment outcome, whereas the current study was undergone at the general hospital; where less complicated patients were treated which increases the treatment success rate. The result of this study was almost similar to studies done in Adama city (80.8%), 27 West Ethiopia (82.5%), 3 Gonder (79%), 28 and Afar region (81.8%). 13 In this study, a successful tuberculosis treatment outcome was higher among patients treated in 2018 than those who were treated in 2015 and 2016.…”

“…11 A great issue about unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcome is due to drug resistance; Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) and Extensive Drug Resistance (XDR) which was a big mankind problem causing increase burden of tuberculosis. 12 The prevalence of unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcome was reported in different studies; Afar (18.2%), 13 West Ethiopia (17.5%), 3 Central Africa (27.6%), 14 and India (14%). 15 The studies showed that there are different factors for poor TB treatment outcomes.…”

“…2 Tuberculosis is a life-threatening disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis having an increased prevalence in developing countries. 3 It is a major global health problem and ranks alongside HIV as a leading cause of mortality worldwide. 4 Although there is the availability of highly effective treatment for decades, tuberculosis remains a challenge especially for low-income countries.…”