Tuberculin Reactions in Malnourished Children

Harland, P. S. E. G.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(65)90457-5

Cited by 100 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Isolated observations were made of lymphopenia [8], thymic and lymphoid hypoplasia at autopsy [43], and diminution in the tuberculin reaction in tuberculous children [20] and after BCG vaccination [21]. Passive transfer of delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin was effective in one study [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies in Infantile Marasmus. IV. Impairment of Immunologic Responses in the Marasmic Pig

1972

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies in Infantile Marasmus. IV. Impairment of Immunologic Responses in the Marasmic Pig

1972

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“…The unusual, frequent, and severe infections in severely malnourished (SM) children have been principally attributed to impairment in cell-mediated immunity (CMI) (3,4). The most consistent findings include thymic atrophy and impaired cutaneous tuberculin responses, as well as reduced T cell mitogenesis in vitro (5,6). The infection risk, morbidity, and mortality found in functional T cell impairment, globally demonstrated in HIV infection, multiply in the face of malnutrition (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic Cell Anergy Results from Endotoxemia in Severe Malnutrition

Hughes

Amadi²,

Mwiya³

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

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Malnutrition predicts an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from infection. Defects in cell-mediated immunity, such as thymic atrophy, impaired cutaneous tuberculin responses, and reduced T cell mitogenesis in vitro, are well characterized. There has been no convincing mechanism proposed for these T cell defects. However, as T cell responses rely on signals received from APCs, this study evaluates dendritic cell (DC) function in children with severe malnutrition. Repeated sampling of peripheral blood from 81 severely malnourished children at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, demonstrated for the first time a defect in DC numbers in children with malnutrition (28 per microliter) and a recovery in cell number (48 per microliter; p < 0.01) with standard treatment. We describe normal DC maturation in the majority of malnourished children. However, in 17% of our study patients, in association with endotoxemia we describe the novel finding of DC maturation failure (down-regulation rather than up-regulation of HLA-DR). There was a strong correlation between the strength of HLA-DR up or down-regulation and the generation of IL-10 (r = −0.481; p = 0.003). These “anergic” DCs failed to support T cell proliferation. Defects in DC number and the immunosuppressive phenotype of DCs from severely malnourished children with endotoxemia provide a rational basis for the anergy found in severe malnutrition.

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“…It is possible that in man, malnutrition induces changes in host defense mechanisms similar to those described here. For example, tuberculin skin reactivity was depressed after bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination of malnourished children (6,7). The It cannot be determined from the present studies whether humoral neutralizing antibody mediated the protection induced by the donor cells.…”

Section: Massive Hepatic Necrosismentioning

confidence: 72%

Modification of Severe Coxsackievirus B ₃ Infection in Marasmic Mice by Transfer of Immune Lymphoid Cells

Woodruff

1971

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Tuberculin Reactions in Malnourished Children

Cited by 100 publications

References 2 publications

Studies in Infantile Marasmus. IV. Impairment of Immunologic Responses in the Marasmic Pig

Studies in Infantile Marasmus. IV. Impairment of Immunologic Responses in the Marasmic Pig

Dendritic Cell Anergy Results from Endotoxemia in Severe Malnutrition

Modification of Severe Coxsackievirus B ₃ Infection in Marasmic Mice by Transfer of Immune Lymphoid Cells

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Tuberculin Reactions in Malnourished Children

Cited by 100 publications

References 2 publications

Studies in Infantile Marasmus. IV. Impairment of Immunologic Responses in the Marasmic Pig

Studies in Infantile Marasmus. IV. Impairment of Immunologic Responses in the Marasmic Pig

Dendritic Cell Anergy Results from Endotoxemia in Severe Malnutrition

Modification of Severe Coxsackievirus B 3 Infection in Marasmic Mice by Transfer of Immune Lymphoid Cells

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Modification of Severe Coxsackievirus B ₃ Infection in Marasmic Mice by Transfer of Immune Lymphoid Cells