Studies in Infantile Marasmus. IV. Impairment of Immunologic Responses in the Marasmic Pig

López, Vicente Santa-María; Davis, Starkey D.; Smith, Nathan J.

doi:10.1203/00006450-197210000-00006

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The abnormalities included depletion of thymocytes, blurring of the architectural distinction between cortical and medullary regions of thymic lobules, and evidence of fibrous scar tissue. Similar observations have been made by others using animal models and human subjects (Lopez et al, 1972;Schopfer and Douglas, 1976). However, regeneration of thymic cellularity and return to normal thymic weight has also been demonstrated in protein-energy malnutrition following vigorous nutritional intervention (McFarlane, 1977).…”

Section: Thymic Structuresupporting

confidence: 84%

Malnutrition and immunological function with special reference to cell-mediated immunity

Hoffman‐Goetz

1986

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Malnutrition, and especially undernutrition, is the most common cause of acquired immune dysfunction worldwide. Establishing a cause‐effect relationship among nutritional variables, immunological function, and disease susceptibility has proved to be difficult. In this review, the degree to which macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies affect cell‐mediated immunity and immunoregulation is discussed. The evidence for malnutrition‐immune response linkages is grouped according to in vitro studies of thymus gland morphology and function, peripheral T‐lymphocyte number and responsiveness to antigens, and soluble immunoregulatory mediators, and in vivo studies of delayed hypersensitivity, graft rejection, and cytotoxicty. Limitations of these studies are considered in light of disease resistance/susceptibility to pathogens that evoke cell‐mediated immune responses.

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Section: Thymic Structuresupporting

confidence: 84%

Malnutrition and immunological function with special reference to cell-mediated immunity

Hoffman‐Goetz

1986

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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“…Tn folate and vitamin B 12 deficiencies, a reduced lymphocyte transformation rate has been reported, and it has been suggested that this was due to an arrest of DNA synthesis [15]. The arrest may be due purely to the nutrient deficit, but it may also be due to elevated corticosteroid secretion [11,17] which occurs in undernourished animals and children [1,2,10]. Corti-costeroids have been shown to cause thymic involution [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smythe and Campbell [25] reported that protein-calorie malnutrition results in a characteristic pattern of infection with symptoms that are typical of conditions in which cell-mediated immunity is abnormal. Studies in marasmic pigs [11] and in mice and rats fed protein-deficient diets [7,14], have shown that both cellular and humoral immunity are depressed. It seems probable that these defects result from the effects of malnutrition on the thymolymphatic system [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cellular Response of the Weanling Rat Thymus Gland to Undernutrition and Rehabilitation

McAnulty

Dickerson

1973

Pediatr Res

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ExtractWeanling male black-hooded rats were maintained at practically constant body weight between 24 and 52 days of age by giving them reduced amounts of their normal diet. Ten animals were then killed at 0, 3, 7, 10, and 16 days of rehabilitation on an ad libitum diet. At each age of rehabilitation, 10 control animals of the same age, and a similar number of the same body weight, were also killed. The thymuses of the animals were assayed for DNA (a measure of cell number), RNA, and protein, and the protein/DNA ratio was calculated (a measure of cell size). The thymus glands were also examined histologically.The thymus lost 81% of its initial weight during undernutrition, but on rehabilitation returned to a normal weight relative to body weight within 10 days, and to a normal weight for age within 16 days. Thereafter it remained of normal weight. The absolute amounts of DNA and RNA responded in a way similar to weight. The absolute amount of protein also decreased during undernutrition, but on rehabilitation showed a poor response during the first 3 days, then increased rapidly to return to normal within 10 days. The protein/DNA ratio showed a sevenfold increase during undernutrition, but returned to normal within 7 days. Thus, atrophy of the thymus during undernutrition was due to a great loss of small cells, which left a population of large cells in the remnant; this was confirmed in histologic sections. However, the thymus had a remarkable capacity for recovery, and the body weight was more important than age as an influence on the rate of recovery. Speculation

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“…During the full post-hatch period of these immunologic studies, experimental chickens were smaller than control birds. Depression of humoral antibody responses with growth retardation has been demonstrated by a number of investigators (1, 12,18,22) and probably reflects impaired replication of immunopoietic tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Abnormal Immunoglobulin Maturation and Antibody Production by Persistent Embryonic Mumps Virus Infection

Yamauchi¹,

Jw²,

Hl³

et al. 1976

Pediatr Res

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Studies in Infantile Marasmus. IV. Impairment of Immunologic Responses in the Marasmic Pig

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Malnutrition and immunological function with special reference to cell-mediated immunity

Malnutrition and immunological function with special reference to cell-mediated immunity

The Cellular Response of the Weanling Rat Thymus Gland to Undernutrition and Rehabilitation

Induction of Abnormal Immunoglobulin Maturation and Antibody Production by Persistent Embryonic Mumps Virus Infection

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