Tuberculin Hypersensitiveness in Non-Tuberculous Guinea Pigs Induced by Injections of Bacillus-Free Filtrates

McJunkin, F. A.

doi:10.1084/jem.33.6.751

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, certain claims of successful transfer of delayed hypersensitivity by means of cell-free exudates or filtrates would appear to be well substantiated. McJunkin (20), for example, injected large doses of living tubercle bacilli into the perionteal cavities of heavily infected guinea pigs and succeeded in sensitizing normal guinea pigs with sterile filtrates obtained from the peritoneal exudates. Crepea and Cooke (21) were able to sensitize 50 per cent of their normal guinea pigs using serum taken from guinea pigs sensitive to poison ivy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of Delayed Hypersensitivity to Diphtheria Toxin in Man

Lawrence

Pappenheimer

1956

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

105

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Hypersensitivity reactions of the delayed inflammatory tuberculin type are considered to be initiated by an immunological process because they occur only in the specifically sensitized host. Nevertheless, no clear cut relationship between this type of hypersensitivity and conventional serum antibody has been demonstrated, although frequently such circulating antibody is present with its specificity directed against the same substance that can elicit the delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Unlike hypersensitivity of the immediate type, serum from donors showing the delayed type of hypersensitivity does not ordinarily confer sensitivity when injected into non-sensitive recipients.Transfer to normal guinea pigs of delayed sensitivity to simple chemicals and to tuberculin, by means of living leucocytes was first demonstrated using peritoneal exudates from sensitized guinea pigs (Landsteiner and Chase (1); Chase (2)). In man, transfer of delayed sensitivity to tuberculin and to certain streptococcal proteins is readily accomplished by subcutaneous or intradermal injections of white cells from the peripheral blood of sensitive donors into nonsensitive recipients (3, 4). The leucocyte factor involved in transfer may be extracted from the cells by disrupting them by repeated freezing and thawing, and is not destroyed by desoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease (5), or by treatment with crystalline trypsin (6).The nature of the factor or factors responsible for transfer of delayed hypersensitivity in man and their relation to serum antibody are not known. This may be due, in part at least, to the fact that the tuberculin and streptococcal products that have been used as test materials are neither homogeneous nor well defined and that no sensitive method is available for determination of small amounts of specific antibody, even if present.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of Delayed Hypersensitivity to Diphtheria Toxin in Man

Lawrence

Pappenheimer

1956

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

105

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“…21 The guinea pig was also used in early fundamental work to define tuberculin hypersensitivity. 22 While the majority of the earlier studies involved the direct inoculation of the organism (usually intradermal or intramuscular), the advent of aerosol delivery systems has allowed for pulmonary infection of guinea pigs and the ability to study pulmonary pathogenesis of the infection. 23–25 Toward the latter part of the 20 th century, the guinea pig was used by certain groups to identify aspects of the immunopathogenesis of the disease, 26,27 but the use of the mouse model of tuberculosis was predominant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of vaccine testing at three laboratories using the guinea pig model of tuberculosis

et al. 2012

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The guinea pig model of tuberculosis is used extensively in different locations to assess the efficacy of novel tuberculosis vaccines during pre-clinical development. Two key assays are used to measure protection against virulent challenge: a 30 day post-infection assessment of mycobacterial burden and long term post-infection survival and pathology analysis. To determine the consistency and robustness of the guinea pig model for testing vaccines, a comparative assessment between three sites that are currently involved in testing tuberculosis vaccines from external providers was performed. Each site was asked to test two “subunit” type vaccines in their routine animal model as if testing vaccines from a provider. All sites performed a 30 day study, and one site also performed a long-term survival/pathology study. Despite some differences in experimental approach between the sites, such as the origin of the M. tuberculosis strain and the type of aerosol exposure device used to infect the animals and the source of the guinea pigs, the data obtained between sites were consistent in regard to the ability of each “vaccine” tested to reduce the mycobacterial burden. The observations also showed that there was good concurrence between the results of short-term and long-term studies. This validation exercise means that efficacy data can be compared between sites.

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“…Tuberculosis had many forms, including a filterable viral-like stage in its growth cycle. Although Fontes was the first to document these, MacJunkin, Calmette, and others soon followed [105,106]. Again and again, either cultures or extracts of organs from tuberculous victims, after thorough filtration through Chamberlain L2 filters, produced tuberculosis when injected into experimental animals.…”

Section: Global Journal Of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Science Behind Autism and the 'Developmental Disorders': Tortuous or Tortured?

Broxmeyer¹

2017

GJIDD

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California, in 1999, had been on high alert for some time. Level one autism, without any of its "spectrum," went from almost five thousand cases in late summer 1993 to an estimated 20,377 cases by December 2002. As California's Department of Developmental Services stood by incredulously, it witnessed a tripling of California's autism rate, and all but 15 percent of cases were in children.California wasn't alone. But its autism rates had become the fastest growing group in that state's developmental disability system, and a number of Bay Area school districts were forced to fill entire classes with youths with different forms of autism.But even in the midst of California's mini-epidemic, its Santa Clara County seemed particularly singled out. The Department of Social Services Aid, brokered by the San Andreas Regional Center, staggered to its breaking point, and its forecast for autism in Santa Clara wasn't good.

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Tuberculin Hypersensitiveness in Non-Tuberculous Guinea Pigs Induced by Injections of Bacillus-Free Filtrates

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Transfer of Delayed Hypersensitivity to Diphtheria Toxin in Man

Transfer of Delayed Hypersensitivity to Diphtheria Toxin in Man

Assessment of vaccine testing at three laboratories using the guinea pig model of tuberculosis

The Science Behind Autism and the 'Developmental Disorders': Tortuous or Tortured?

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