Tsunamis inducidos por movimientos en masa: principales efectos durante la crisis sismica de la Patagonia Archipelagica en Aisen (45°25' S), Chile.

Naranjo, José A.; Arenas, Manuel; Clavero, Jorge; Muñoz, Óscar

doi:10.5027/andgeov36n1-a11

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Landslide-generated tsunamis can be classified as subaerial, partially submerged or submarine, depending on the initial landslide position. Major subaerial and partially submerged landslide impact-generated tsunamis occurred at Knight Inlet in British Columbia, Canada (1500s) [3], Tafjord (1934) and Lake Loen (1936) in Norway [4,5], Lituya Bay, AK, USA, in 1958 [6][7][8][9], Vajont Dam in Italy in 1963 [10,11], Yanahuin Lake, Peru, in 1971 [12], Fatu Hiva (Marquesas Islands; French Polynesia) in 1999 [13], Aisén Fjord, Chile, in 2007 [14,15], Chehalis Lake in British Columbia, Canada, in 2007 [16][17][18] and in Haiti in 2010 [19]. Tsunamis generated by submarine landslides were associated with the ancient Storegga slides [20,21], and were observed in Puerto Rico in 1918 [22], Grand Banks, Newfoundland, in 1929 [23] and Papua New Guinea in 1998 [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical modelling of tsunamis generated by three-dimensional deformable granular landslides on planar and conical island slopes

McFall

Fritz

2016

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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Tsunamis generated by landslides and volcanic island collapses account for some of the most catastrophic events recorded, yet critically important field data related to the landslide motion and tsunami evolution remain lacking. Landslide-generated tsunami source and propagation scenarios are physically modelled in a three-dimensional tsunami wave basin. A unique pneumatic landslide tsunami generator was deployed to simulate landslides with varying geometry and kinematics. The landslides were generated on a planar hill slope and divergent convex conical hill slope to study lateral hill slope effects on the wave characteristics. The leading wave crest amplitude generated on a planar hill slope is larger on average than the leading wave crest generated on a convex conical hill slope, whereas the leading wave trough and second wave crest amplitudes are smaller. Between 1% and 24% of the landslide kinetic energy is transferred into the wave train. Cobble landslides transfer on average 43% more kinetic energy into the wave train than corresponding gravel landslides. Predictive equations for the offshore propagating wave amplitudes, periods, celerities and lengths generated by landslides on planar and divergent convex conical hill slopes are derived, which allow an initial rapid tsunami hazard assessment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical modelling of tsunamis generated by three-dimensional deformable granular landslides on planar and conical island slopes

McFall

Fritz

2016

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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“…Here, the 2007-AYSS occurred from January 2007 to February 2008, which culminated with a M w 6.2 event. Faults within the LOFS (Vargas et al, 2013) were responsible for the crustal seismicity that occurred during this period that lead to casualties (e.g., Naranjo et al, 2009;Sepúlveda et al, 2010;Sepúlveda & Serey, 2009). Extensive landslides that occurred during 2007 were the main factor, due to generation of large displacement waves when rock avalanches that were triggered during the earthquakes entered Aysén Fjord, in the economic impacts and life loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The M w 6.2 earthquake caused 538 mass movements, including large rockslides and rock avalanches (Figures 2 and 3; Naranjo et al, 2009;Sepúlveda et al, 2010). Among these, the three largest mass movements occurred at Punta Cola (12 Mm 3 ), north of Isla Mentirosa (8 Mm 3 ), and at Aguas Calientes (1.7 Mm 3 ; Naranjo et al, 2009;Sepúlveda & Serey, 2009;Sepúlveda et al, 2010;Oppikofer et al, 2012), causing direct damage and triggering local tsunami waves when the landslide material entered the fjord.…”

Section: The 2007-ayssmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these, the three largest mass movements occurred at Punta Cola (12 Mm 3 ), north of Isla Mentirosa (8 Mm 3 ), and at Aguas Calientes (1.7 Mm 3 ; Naranjo et al, 2009;Sepúlveda & Serey, 2009;Sepúlveda et al, 2010;Oppikofer et al, 2012), causing direct damage and triggering local tsunami waves when the landslide material entered the fjord. The runups of these waves were tens of meters at Isla Mentirosa and close to 10 m at the southern side of the fjord (Naranjo et al, 2009;Vargas et al, 2013), causing 10 deaths and significant damage to infrastructure and the local economy.…”

Section: The 2007-ayssmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the absence of records of recent seismic activity, either instrumental or in the historical archives, can generate a false sense of security regarding the seismic hazard associated with these active faults. When fault rupture in a submarine environment or near shore other coseismic geohazards such as tsunamis, soil liquefaction, landslides, and associated displacement waves can occur, as it was the case of the last 2007 seismic swarm in the Aysén region of the Patagonian Andes in southern Chile (Naranjo et al, 2009;Oppikofer et al, 2012;Sepúlveda et al, 2010;Vargas et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active Faulting, Submarine Surface Rupture, and Seismic Migration Along the Liquiñe‐Ofqui Fault System, Patagonian Andes

et al. 2020

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The intra-arc Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault System (LOFS) is an active transpressive fault zone located in the Patagonian Andes of Chile. In 2007, a seismic sequence occurred in the Aysén Fjord region of Chilean Patagonia along the LOFS, with a M w 6.2 main earthquake that triggered dozens of landslides, some of which induced tsunami waves that caused severe damage and casualties. Through the analysis of high-resolution seismic reflection and bathymetric data, we identify six submarine faults cutting the Late Quaternary postglacial sedimentary infill of the fjord. The most conspicuous are the dextral-normal NE-SW striking Quitralco fault (QF) and the N-S striking strike-slip Río Cuervo (RCF) and Punta Cola faults (PCF). Our paleoseismological analysis reveals at least seven paleolandslide events buried in the fjord sediments that were triggered by local paleoearthquakes, which occurred since local ice sheet retreat, that is, circa 12 kyr. By combining tectonic observations with local seismicity data, we propose a seismotectonic model for the evolution of the 2007 seismic sequence where three structures were progressively activated from the depth toward the upper continental crust, causing surface rupture along the PCF and with earthquakes, suggesting only partial ruptures along other faults. Because the other faults did not rupture to the seafloor they remain important sources of seismic hazard. Thus, the last seismic sequence was a consequence of a stress transfer from the lower-ductile toward the upper-brittle continental crust, close to the triple junction of the Nazca, South American, and Antarctica Plates. Our results emphasize on the potential synergies between multiple geological and geophysical methods to assess complex events. Plain Language Summary When crustal faults rupture, the energy released is the earthquakes we feel at the surface of the Earth. Recent studies along strike-slip faults demonstrate that these phenomena are often not only related to a single fault but instead take place along several faults like was seen in the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake in New Zealand. Using novel high-resolution seismic reflection imagery and bathymetric data together with the reanalysis of local seismicity, we show (i) multiple active faults in the Aysén Fjord area along the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault System in the Patagonian Andes; (ii) several of these faults were activated during the last 2007 seismic sequence and one of them (the Punta Cola fault), ruptured to the surface causing a M w 6.2 earthquake that generated massive landslides and local tsunami; and (iii) mapping of similar landslides in the fjord sediments demonstrates similar events occurred at least seven times since the last ice sheet retreat in the area, that is, in the last 12,000 yr. This demonstrates the necessity for including the possibility of complex ruptures involving multiple faults regarding seismic hazard assessment along crustal faults, especially for faults near populated areas.

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Field Survey of the 2015 Chile Tsunami with Emphasis on Coastal Wetland and Conservation Areas

Contreras-López¹,

Winckler²,

Sepúlveda³

et al. 2017

The Chile-2015 (Illapel) Earthquake and Tsunami

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Tsunamis inducidos por movimientos en masa: principales efectos durante la crisis sismica de la Patagonia Archipelagica en Aisen (45°25' S), Chile.

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Physical modelling of tsunamis generated by three-dimensional deformable granular landslides on planar and conical island slopes

Physical modelling of tsunamis generated by three-dimensional deformable granular landslides on planar and conical island slopes

Active Faulting, Submarine Surface Rupture, and Seismic Migration Along the Liquiñe‐Ofqui Fault System, Patagonian Andes

Field Survey of the 2015 Chile Tsunami with Emphasis on Coastal Wetland and Conservation Areas

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