Tsunami waves generated by the Santorini eruption reached Eastern Mediterranean shores

Goodman-Tchernov, Beverly; Dey, Hendrik W.; Reinhardt, Eduard G.; McCoy, Floyd W.; Mart, Yossi

doi:10.1130/g25704a.1

Cited by 110 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Several characteristics reported as typical for such deposits (e.g. van den Bergh et al, 2003;Goodman-Tchernov et al, 2009;Sakuna et al, 2012) can be found in this unit. It is deposited above an erosional unconformity, contains abundant shell fragments, and is generally poorly sorted and embedded within ambient sediments.…”

Section: Identification Of Offshore Tsunami Impactmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sediment distribution on the inner continental shelf off Khao Lak (Thailand) after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

et al. 2012

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The coastline of Khao Lak (Thailand) was heavily damaged by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Onshore tsunami deposits and satellite images, which show large amounts of sediment transported offshore, indicate that the seafloor was impacted by tsunami run-up and backwash. In this study, high-resolution maps of sediment distribution patterns and the geological development of the seafloor are presented. These maps are based on multibeam, side-scan sonar and seismic profiling surveys offshore Khao Lak. Paleoreefs, with associated boulder fields and sandy sediment dominate the inner continental shelf. Patches of fine-grained (silt to fine sand) sediments exist in water depths of less than 15 m. The sediment distribution pattern is stable between 2008 and 2010, apart from small shifts regarding the boundaries of the fine-grained sediment patches. In one sediment core and several grab samples an event layer was documented, situated below a cover of modern sediments which is only a few cm thick. The event-layer is traced down to 18 m water depth. It consists mostly of sand and contains compounds of terrigenous origin. It is interpreted as a 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami deposit. However, over large areas of the study-site, the impact of the tsunami is hardly identifiable by seafloor morphology or sediment distribution.

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Section: Identification Of Offshore Tsunami Impactmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sediment distribution on the inner continental shelf off Khao Lak (Thailand) after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

et al. 2012

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“…Those clasts are widely used as a sedimentological proxy to identify tsunami deposits and are interpreted as relating to hyperpycnal tsunami backwash flows (Goff et al, 2004;Le Roux and Vargas, 2005;Morton et al, 2007;Goodman-Tchernov et al, 2009;Sakuna et al, 2012). Clasts are found in the uppermost part of the tsunami sequence and include material transported during the backwash, as shown by foraminifera composition (Milker et al, 2013) and the presence of laterites and grass Sakuna et al, 2012).…”

Section: Identification and Features Of The Tsunami Faciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, while the tsunami's impact increases with decreasing water depth towards the coastline, only very few offshore tsunami deposits have been reported until now. Therefore, it is not surprising that the described offshore deposits of historical tsunami -not considering inferred tsunami paleorecords on geological timescales (Le Roux and Vargas, 2005;Fujiwara and Kamataki, 2007;Spiske et al, 2014) -are highly variable in thickness, texture and structure (e.g., van den Bergh et al, 2003;Abrantes et al, 2008;Goodman-Tchernov et al, 2009;Paris et al, 2010;Smedile et al, 2011;Sakuna et al, 2012;Milker et al, 2013). Reported offshore tsunami deposits range from centimeters to 1 m in thickness while spanning grain sizes from mud to boulders, including terrigenous and marine sediments over one or several layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits

Sakuna-Schwartz

Feldens

Schwarzer

et al. 2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Tsunami, storm and flash-flood event layers, which have been deposited over the last century on the shelf offshore Khao Lak (Thailand, Andaman Sea), are identified in sediment cores based on sedimentary structures, grain size compositions, Ti / Ca ratios and 210 Pb activity. Individual offshore tsunami deposits are 12 to 30 cm in thickness and originate from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. They are characterized by (1) the appearance of sand layers enriched in shells and shell debris and (2) the appearance of mud and sand clasts. Storm deposits found in core depths between 5 and 82 cm could be attributed to recent storm events by using 210 Pb profiles in conjunction with historical data of typhoons and tropical storms. Massive sand layers enriched in shells and shell debris characterize storm deposits. The last classified type of event layer represents reworked flash-flood deposits, which are characterized by a fining-upward sequence of muddy sediment. The most distinct difference between storm and tsunami deposits is the lack of mud and sand clasts, mud content and terrigenous material within storm deposits. Terrigenous material transported offshore during the tsunami backwash is therefore an important indicator to distinguish between storm and tsunami deposits in offshore environments.

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“…therein). The initiation and timing of the current wind-induced beach sand build-up is dated to 5 ka in the shallow shelf by Porat et al (2003), Reinhardt et al (2006), Goodman-Tchernov et al (2009), and on the coast mainly by Roskin et al (2015),. A1.5 m-thick bioclastic sand facies (Figs.…”

Section: Evolution Of the Coastal Plain Of Israel During The Late Quamentioning

confidence: 99%

New perspectives on coastal landscape reconstruction during the Late Quaternary: A test case from central Israel

Shtienberg

Dix

Roskin

et al. 2017

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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The stratigraphic architecture of coastal plains is determined by the interactions between local (e.g. fluvial processes and topography), regional (e.g. climate) and global (e.g. sea level) forcing factors, primarily during the Late Quaternary Period. Detailed stratigraphic and sedimentological analyses of boreholes, cored between coastal ridges in the lowlands, coupled with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, and integrated with existing onshore and offshore databases, has enabled a 4-D reconstruction of the evolution of the coast of Israel during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. This model revealed that Nilotic-sourced littoral sand, intermittently transported inland by wind, has either been lithified into aeolianite or pedogenized into orange-brown palaeosol from about 100 ka to 8 ka. Dark silty clay wetlands were deposited between the aeolian coastal ridges adjacent to streams which cut the Israeli coastal plain and flow westward, from the Last Glacial Maximum until the onset of the Holocene. These units are topped by beach and aeolian quartz sand dated to 6.6-0.1 ka. Diachronous thicknesses and lithological dissimilarities were identified between the sections studied and previous reports on adjacent coastal aeolianite ridges. Streams were found to be a dominant control on the stratigraphical composition and related facies architecture due to fluvial-induced erosion. Consequently, the relief variations between the lowland and cliff controlled aeolian pedogenesis as well as alluvial processes from about 80 to 5 ka. Climate, mainly influenced by precipitation and dust input, induced pedogenic processes; while sea level lowstand during the Last Glacial Maximum is shown to have hindered sediment deposition in the shallow offshore, which in turn affected aeolian transport, reducing sediment accumulation on the palaeo-coastal plain. The palaeoenvironmental model presented in the current study serves as an example for understanding the evolution of similar low-latitude siliciclastic-rich low-gradient shelf-coastal areas during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Furthermore, it demonstrates the influence of local to global forcing factors on these environments.

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Tsunami waves generated by the Santorini eruption reached Eastern Mediterranean shores

Cited by 110 publications

References 29 publications

Sediment distribution on the inner continental shelf off Khao Lak (Thailand) after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

Sediment distribution on the inner continental shelf off Khao Lak (Thailand) after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits

New perspectives on coastal landscape reconstruction during the Late Quaternary: A test case from central Israel

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