Tsunami impact to Washington and northern Oregon from segment ruptures on the southern Cascadia subduction zone

Priest, George R.; Zhang, Yinglong; Witter, Robert C.; Wang, Kelin; Goldfinger, Chris; Stimely, Laura

doi:10.1007/s11069-014-1041-7

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This modeling framework solves the 3D shallow-water equations for ocean flow and sea level, using finite-element and finite-volume schemes. It has been designed and used for many geographical areas including our region of interest, covering a broad range of spatial scales ranging from ocean basins (e.g., [29,38]) to very shallow lagoons and estuaries (e.g., [39,40]) as well as from short temporal scales (e.g., tsunamis [41]) to seasonal and inter-annual scales (e.g., [42]).…”

Section: Hydrodynamic Tidal Modeling Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Intertidal Topography from Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Imagery: Synergy between Remote Sensing and Numerical Modeling

et al. 2019

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The intertidal zones are well recognized for their dynamic nature and role in near-shore hydrodynamics. The intertidal topography is poorly mapped worldwide due to the high cost of associated field campaigns. Here we present a combination of remote-sensing and hydrodynamic modeling to overcome the lack of in situ measurements. We derive a digital elevation model (DEM) by linking the corresponding water level to a sample of shorelines at various stages of the tide. Our shoreline detection method is fully automatic and capable of processing high-resolution imagery from state-of-the-art satellite missions, e.g., Sentinel-2. We demonstrate the use of a tidal model to infer the corresponding water level in each shoreline pixel at the sampled timestamp. As a test case, this methodology is applied to the vast coastal region of the Bengal delta and an intertidal DEM at 10 m resolution covering an area of 1134 km 2 is developed from Sentinel-2 imagery. We assessed the quality of the DEM with two independent in situ datasets and conclude that the accuracy of our DEM amounts to about 1.5 m, which is commensurate with the typical error bar of the validation datasets. This DEM can be useful for high-resolution hydrodynamic and wave modeling of the near-shore area. Additionally, being automatic and numerically effective, our methodology is compliant with near-real-time monitoring constraints.

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Section: Hydrodynamic Tidal Modeling Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Intertidal Topography from Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Imagery: Synergy between Remote Sensing and Numerical Modeling

et al. 2019

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“…In their analyses, Priest et al (2014) hypothesized that tsunami deposits in Bradley Lake recorded tsunamis generated by Cascadia earthquakes that ruptured the megathrust directly offshore of the lake. Their models that used southern Cascadia ruptures placed most slip Maps and profiles of numerical grids used in tsunami simulations referenced to the mean higher high water tidal datum (MHHW).…”

Section: Previous Tsunami Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure is modified from Witter et al (2012) south of the lake and generated smaller tsunamis, less likely to inundate the lake. For example, tsunami simulations generated by rupture of segment D with 200 years of slip deficit release produced wave heights of only *1.7 m offshore Bradley Lake (Priest et al, 2014; Fig. 4), which is too low to breach the *6-m barrier into the lake.…”

Section: Previous Tsunami Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we expand the Witter et al source simulation experiments by including ruptures with slip concentrated in the southern *300 km of the CSZ in addition to the previous simulations that used slip concentrated directly offshore of the lake. We test the hypothesis of Priest et al (2014) that the inefficient projection of tsunami energy from coseismic slip of southern Cascadia ruptures makes this region an unlikely source for tsunamis capable of breaching the 6-m outlet barrier. We also show that simulations are more successful at predicting lake inundation when using coseismic slip estimates derived from turbidite inter-event times excluding events likely caused by CSZ fault ruptures with most slip south of the lake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New constraints on coseismic slip during southern Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes over the past 4600 years implied by tsunami deposits and marine turbidites

Priest

Witter

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Nat Hazards

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Forecasting earthquake and tsunami hazards along the southern Cascadia subduction zone is complicated by uncertainties in the amount of megathrust fault slip during past ruptures. Here, we estimate slip on hypothetical ruptures of the southern part of the megathrust through comparisons of late Holocene Cascadia earthquake histories derived from tsunami deposits on land and marine turbidites offshore. Bradley Lake in southern Oregon lies *600 m landward of the shoreline and contains deposits from 12 tsunamis in the past 4600 years. Tsunami simulations that overtop the 6-m-high lake outlet, generated This paper summarizes new tsunami simulation experiments supplementary to those done by Witter et al. (2012).

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“…This is important for Cascadia, as it has been well documented that the 1700 M 9 earthquake generated a tsunami that caused damage as far away as Japan (ATWATER 2005;SATAKE et al 2003). Since the 2004 earthquake, great progress has been made in understanding both tsunami generation and tsunami hazard mapping in Cascadia; For example, studies estimating heterogeneous slip along Cascadia associated with the 1700 earthquake (WANG et al 2013) have applications to tsunami generation, detailed inundation mapping efforts that have been undertaken along Cascadia (e.g., PRIEST et al 2014;WITTER et al 2014), and a probabilistic tsunami hazard map for Canada (LEONARD et al 2014). Details of tsunami science and inundation studies associated with the 2004 Sumatra earthquake are presented in other articles in this special volume.…”

Section: Tsunami Generation and Inundation Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2004 Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami: Lessons Learned in Subduction Zone Science and Emergency Management for the Cascadia Subduction Zone

Cassidy

2015

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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The 26 December 2004, Mw 9.3 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami was a pivotal turning point in our awareness of the dangers posed by subduction zone earthquakes and tsunamis. This earthquake was the world's largest in 40 years, and it produced the world's deadliest tsunami. This earthquake ruptured a subduction zone that has many similarities to the Cascadia Subduction Zone. In this article, I summarize lessons learned from this tragedy, and make comparisons with potential rupture characteristics, slip distribution, deformation patterns, and aftershock patterns for Cascadia using theoretical modeling and interseismic observations. Both subduction zones are approximately 1,100-1,300 km in length. Both have similar convergence rates and represent oblique subduction. Slip along the subduction fault during the 26 December earthquake is estimated at 15-25 m, similar to values estimated for Cascadia. The width of the rupture, *80-150 km estimated from modeling seismic and geodetic data, is similar to the width of the ''locked and transition zone'' estimated for Cascadia. Coseismic subsidence of up to 2 m along the Sumatra coast is also similar to that predicted for parts of northern Cascadia, based on paleoseismic evidence. In addition to scientific lessons learned, the 2004 tsunami provided many critical lessons for emergency management and preparedness. As a result of that tragedy, a number of preparedness initiatives are now underway to promote awareness of earthquake and tsunami hazards along the west coast of North America, and plans are underway to develop prototype tsunami and earthquake warning systems along Cascadia. Lessons learned from the great Sumatra earthquake and tsunami tragedy, both through scientific studies and through public education initiatives, will help to reduce losses during future earthquakes in Cascadia and other subduction zones of the world.

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Tsunami impact to Washington and northern Oregon from segment ruptures on the southern Cascadia subduction zone

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

High-Resolution Intertidal Topography from Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Imagery: Synergy between Remote Sensing and Numerical Modeling

High-Resolution Intertidal Topography from Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Imagery: Synergy between Remote Sensing and Numerical Modeling

New constraints on coseismic slip during southern Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes over the past 4600 years implied by tsunami deposits and marine turbidites

The 2004 Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami: Lessons Learned in Subduction Zone Science and Emergency Management for the Cascadia Subduction Zone

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