Trypsin isozymes in the lobster Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804): from molecules to physiology

Abstract

Trypsin enzymes have been studied in a wide variety of animal taxa due to their central role in protein digestion as well as in other important physiological and biotechnological processes. Crustacean trypsins exhibit a high number of isoforms. However, while differences in properties of isoenzymes are known to play important roles in regulating different physiological processes, there is little information on this aspect for decapod trypsins. The aim of this review is to integrate recent findings at the molecular level on trypsin enzymes of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus, into higher levels of organization (biochemical, organism) and to interpret those findings in relation to the feeding ecology of these crustaceans. Trypsin in lobster is a polymorphic enzyme, showing isoforms that differ in their biochemical features and catalytic efficiencies. Molecular studies suggest that polymorphism in lobster trypsins may be non-neutral. Trypsin isoenzymes are differentially regulated by dietary proteins, and it seems that some isoenzymes have undergone adaptive evolution coupled with a divergence in expression rate to increase fitness. This review highlights important but poorly studied issues in crustaceans in general, such as the relation among trypsin polymorphism, phenotypic (digestive) flexibility, digestion efficiency, and feeding ecology.

Purification and Characterization of Trypsin from Hepatopancreas of Pacific White Shrimp

“…Trypsin in hepatopancreas of lobster ( Panulirus argus ) had a MW of 35–36 kDa (Perera et al . ). Trypsin‐like enzymes from various crustaceans vary in MW (Sriket et al .…”

Changes of exoskeleton surface roughness and expression of crucial participation genes for chitin formation and digestion in the mud crab (Macrophthalmus japonicus) following the antifouling biocide irgarol

“…Crustacean trypsins exhibit a large number of isoforms and are involved in the activation of the innate immune system of crustaceans (Lai et al, 2005;Perera et al, 2015). Trypsin mRNA transcription was stimulated by ecdysteroid hormone in crustaceans (Klein et al, 1996).…”

“…Trypsin enzymes have been studied in a wide variety of animal taxa because of their central role in protein digestion, as well as in other important physiological and biotechnological processes (Perera et al, 2015). Crustacean trypsins exhibit a large number of isoforms and are involved in the activation of the innate immune system of crustaceans (Lai et al, 2005;Perera et al, 2015).…”

Biochemical characterization of a native group III trypsin ZT from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

“…Isoenzymes seem to have emerged in some cases by natural selection to diversify the application of a certain group of enzymes [52]. Isoenzymes can for example allow fine-tuning of metabolism to meet the particular needs of a given tissue or developmental stage (for example lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) [53].…”

“…Isoenzymes can for example allow fine-tuning of metabolism to meet the particular needs of a given tissue or developmental stage (for example lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) [53]. Trypsin diversity is particularly high in fish, decapod crustaceans and insects [52,54,55]. The occurrence of multiple isoenzymes is thought to provide adaptive advantage in some insects feeding on plants containing inhibitors [10,54].…”