Trypanosoma evansi infection in buffaloes in north-east Thailand. I. Field investigations

Löhr, K. F.; Pohlpark, S.; Srikitjakarn, Lertrak; Thaboran, P.; Bettermann, G.; Staak, C.

doi:10.1007/bf02355869

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Females at this age are highly valued for draught power and as breeding animals for replacement or sale (to provide additional income) or home consumption. Surra has been proven to cause mortality in buffalo after experimental [113] or natural infection [83, 102, 114, 115]. Whilst mortalities in draught buffalo caused by surra could be partly associated with stress due to overwork, other factors such as malnutrition, concurrent infections, and adverse climatic conditions may contribute to the animals' reduced resistance and higher susceptibility to the disease [102, 115].…”

Section: Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surra has been proven to cause mortality in buffalo after experimental [113] or natural infection [83, 102, 114, 115]. Whilst mortalities in draught buffalo caused by surra could be partly associated with stress due to overwork, other factors such as malnutrition, concurrent infections, and adverse climatic conditions may contribute to the animals' reduced resistance and higher susceptibility to the disease [102, 115]. Surra is also lethal in other livestock species, such as horses [116–118], camels [111, 119], guanaco [120], cattle [86, 121], goats [122–124], sheep [125], and even pigs [126].…”

Section: Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trypanosoma evansiand Surra: A Review and Perspectives on Transmission, Epidemiology and Control, Impact, and Zoonotic Aspects

Desquesnes

Dargantes

Lai

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

226

261

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This paper reviews the transmission modes of Trypanosoma evansi. Its worldwide distribution is attributed to mechanical transmission. While the role of tabanids is clear, we raise questions on the relative role of Haematobia sp. and the possible role of Stomoxys sp. in delayed transmission. A review of the available trypanocidal drugs and their efficacy in various host species is useful for understanding how they interact in disease epidemiology, which is complex. Although there are similarities with other mechanically transmitted trypanosomes, T. evansi has a more complex epidemiology due to the diversity of its hosts and vectors. The impact of clinical and subclinical disease is difficult to establish. A model was developed for buffaloes in the Philippines, which could be transferred to other places and livestock systems. Since Trypanosoma evansi was reported in humans, further research is required to investigate its zoonotic potential. Surra remains a potentially emerging disease that is a threat to Australia, Spain, and France. A number of questions about the disease have yet to be resolved. This brief review of the basic knowledge of T. evansi suggests that there is renewed interest in the parasite, which is spreading and has a major economic impact.

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Section: Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma evansiand Surra: A Review and Perspectives on Transmission, Epidemiology and Control, Impact, and Zoonotic Aspects

Desquesnes

Dargantes

Lai

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

226

261

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, abortion at late pregnancy or early parturition caused by T. evansi is known to occur in buffaloes [27]. In addition, stress factors such as fasciolosis, combined with seasonal malnutrition during the dry season, lower the resistance of the animals, causing exacerbation of clinical surra [26].…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Trypanosoma evansi in Buffalo based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Regions

Khuchareontaworn

Singhaphan

Viseshakul

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The nucleotide sequences of 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were used for studying the relationships of Trypanosoma evansi isolate from a buffalo. The sequences were analyzed and compared to 18S rDNA and the ITS regions of the other Trypanosoma spp. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed using Leishmania major as the outgroup. The tree of 18S rDNA indicated that T. evansi (buffalo B18) isolate was closely related to those of Taiwan and T. brucei stock. The ITS tree showed the genetic diversity among 32 clones of T. evansi (B18) within a single host. This data will be useful for epidemiological and dynamic studies for designing the rational control programs of the disease. KEY WORDS: internal transcribed spacers (ITS), phylogenetic, small subunit rDNA, Trypanosoma evansi.

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“…Mass field diagnoses are rarely repeated between the two treatments. Lohr et al (1985) reported that T. evansi infected domestic buffaloes could be treated with diminazene at doses similar to those approved for cattle. Therefore, use of diminazene and isometamidium as a sanative pair to control trypanosomiasis in high fly challenge areas may encourage development of drug resistant strains unless properly monitored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of trypanosome-infected water buffaloes and cattle in different areas of fly challenge to normal therapeutic doses of trypanocidal drugs

Njau

Mkonyi

Lekaki

1986

Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci.

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Laboratory examination of blood smears from water buffaloes in an area of high fly challenge indicated an infection rate of 51.11 % caused by both Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax. A similar study in cattle raised in a low fly challenge area showed an infection rate of 22.73% caused by T. congolense only. Diminazene aceturate administered as a single dose at 3.5 mg/kg body weight cured the infection in cattle, while a similar dose at 7 mg/kg body weight failed to cure the water buffaloes. Cattle were further protected by a single dose of isometamidium chloride administered at 0.5 mg/kg body weight for 6 weeks of this study. On the other hand, isometamidium chloride administered at 1 mg/kg body weight cured transiently 90% of the infected water buffaloes and 10% persisted with a T. congolense infection. It was concluded that the lower dose rates approved by the manufacturers for the two trypanocides treated adequately infected cattle in a low challenge area, but such results were not achieved with the higher dose rates for infected water buffaloes in a high fly challenge area.Resume-L'examen de frottis sanguins de buffles (Bubalus bubalus) provenant d'une region fortement infestee de mouches tse-tse indique un taux d'infection de 51.11%, du a Trypanosoma congolense et T. vivax. Une etude similaire concernant les vaches dans une zone peu infestee montre un taux d'infection de 22.73%, cause par T. congolense uniquement. De l'aceturate de diminazene administre en une dose de 3.5 mg/kg de poids vif soigne l'infection des vaches, alors que les buffles ne sont pas soignes par une dose de 7 mg/kg. Les vaches ont ensuite ete protegees pendant 6 semaines grace a une dose unique de 0.5 mg/kg de chlorure d'isometamidium, tandis que cette meme drogue administree a raison de 1 mg/kg ne soignait transitoirement que 90% des buffles, les 10% restant presentant une infection a T. congolense. On peut done en conclure que les faibles doses recommandees par les fabricants pour chaque trypanocides sont adaptees a des vacnes exposes a de faibles infestations, mais non a des buffles vivant dans des zones lourdement infestees par les glossines.

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Trypanosoma evansi infection in buffaloes in north-east Thailand. I. Field investigations

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Trypanosoma evansiand Surra: A Review and Perspectives on Transmission, Epidemiology and Control, Impact, and Zoonotic Aspects

Trypanosoma evansiand Surra: A Review and Perspectives on Transmission, Epidemiology and Control, Impact, and Zoonotic Aspects

Genetic Diversity of Trypanosoma evansi in Buffalo based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Regions

The response of trypanosome-infected water buffaloes and cattle in different areas of fly challenge to normal therapeutic doses of trypanocidal drugs

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