Trypanocidal action of Lippia alba and Lippia origanoides essential oils against Trypanosoma evansi in vitro and in vivo used mice as experimental model

Abstract

Parasitic diseases have an enormous health and economic impact and are a particular problem in tropical regions of the world. Disease caused by protozoa, such as trypanosomiasis, are the cause of most parasite related morbidity and mortality. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the trypanocidal effectiveness of and against in vitro and in vivo and were used in vitro on trypomastigotes at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 %) and exposure times (0, 1, 3, 6 and 9 h). The three concentrations tested showed trypanocidal activity in vitro, completely eliminating the parasites in small concentration after 6 h of assay. In vivo tests were performed using mice as the experimental model. infected mice were treated with and with dose of 1.5 mL kg during 5 days. These protocols did not provide curative efficacy, however the mice treated with showed a significant increase in the longevity when compared to control group. Active compounds present in essential oils, such as, may potentiate the treatment of trypanosomosis when associated with other trypanocidal drugs.

Trypanocidal Essential Oils: A Review

“…Baldissera et al (2017) [ 65 ] verified the trypanocidal activity in vitro of EOs of Lippia alba and Lippia origanoides against T. evansi trypomastigotes. The lower concentration of EOs (0.5%) eliminated the parasites after 6 h of interaction.…”

“…During apoptosis, there are alterations such as cytoplasmic blebbing, cell volume reduction, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, condensation of nuclear chromatin, and DNA fragmentation [ 71 ]. Such characteristics were observed from the essential oils of Cinnamodendron dinisii [ 14 ], Siparuna guianensis [ 14 ], Cinnamomum verum [ 19 ], Lippia dulcis [ 30 ], Achyrocline satureioides [ 61 , 62 ], Lippia sidoides [ 13 ], Lippia origanoides [ 13 , 30 , 65 ], Chenopodium ambrosioides [ 13 ], Justicia pectorales [ 13 ], Lippia citriodora [ 30 ], Lippia pedunculosa [ 31 ] and Lippia alba [ 30 ]. However, due to the large number of components and potential synergistic and/or antagonistic interactions between them, it is likely that in addition to membranes, essential oils can also act against other cellular targets ( Figure 2 ).…”

Essential oils biological activity of the Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) shrub

“…For chemotype I, Escobar et al, (2010) obtained bio-activity on epimastigotes IC50 5.5-8.8 µg/ml, and amastigote IC50 12.2 -17.47 µg/ml; and for chemotype III, epimastigote IC50 8.8 µg/ml and amastigote IC50 17.47 µg/ml. Additionally, Baldissera, Souza, Mourão, Silva, and Monteiro (2017) reported that under in-vitro conditions, concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 % of chemotype I had direct correlation with the efficacy in controlling Trypanosoma evansi, but under in-vivo conditions in mice; treatment with 1.5 ml Kg -1 did not show curative efficacy. Nematicidal activity of chemotypes I and III was reported on Meloidogyne incognita at concentrations from 0.1-2.5 ml/L, which had mean mortality percentages from 22 to 100 %, in dependent dosage; and diminished eclosion rate from 47 to 9 % (Moreira, Santos, & Innecco, 2009).…”

“…In biomedical sciences, research has provided effective tools to solve problems related with amoebic infections (Santos et al, 2016b), herpetic infections (Agudelo-Gómez et al, 2010), tropical diseases e.g. like dengue (Ocazionez et al, 2010), leishmaniasis (Escobar et al, 2010;Neira et al, 2018), trypanosomiasis (Escobar et al, 2010;Baldissera et al 2017;Moreno et al, 2018), and yellow fever (Meneses et al, 2009), control of vectors, like Aedes aegypti (Vera et al, 2014;Castillo et al, 2017;Ríos et al, 2017;Aldana & Cruz, 2017), mycosis (Mesa-Arango et al, 2010;Santos et al, 2016a;Glamočlija et al, 2011), in-hospital diseases (Santos et al, 2016a;Pino et al, 1996;Machado et al, 2014), and diseases related with the oral cavity (Juiz et al, 2015;Bersan et al, 2014).…”

Avanços E Novas Descobertas Sobre O Uso De Erva Cidreira (Lippia Alba) Para Inovação Terapêutica Na Última Década (2010-2020)/Advances and New Discoveries on the Use of Ervacidreira (Lippia Alba) for Therapeutic Innovation in the Last Decade (2010-2020)

“…Já na menor concentração (0.5%), esse resultado só foi encontrado após 6h. Os resultados in vivo não demonstraram efeito curativo eficaz (BALDISSERA et al, 2017). Deste modo, é possível concluir que a LA é capaz de agir como agente tripanocida, no entanto, são necessários mais estudos para avaliar a melhor via de administração dos seus derivados e aprofundar o conhecimento referente a ação anti-T. cruzi, além de iniciar novos testes com outros parasitas.…”