The L. alba and C. citratus essential oils showed eradication activity against S. mutans biofilms and null cytotoxicity, evidencing the need to conduct further studies that can identify their active components and in order to guide a safe use in treating and preventing dental caries.

The transmission of seed-borne pathogens by the germinating seed is responsible for major crop diseases. The immune responses of the seed facing biotic invaders are poorly documented so far. The Arabidopsis thaliana/Alternaria brassicicola patho-system was used to describe at the transcription level the responses of germinating seeds and young seedling stages to infection by the necrotrophic fungus. RNA-seq analyses of healthy versus inoculated seeds at 3 days after sowing (DAS), stage of radicle emergence, and at 6 and 10 DAS, two stages of seedling establishment, identified thousands of differentially expressed genes by Alternaria infection. Response to hypoxia, ethylene and indole pathways were found to be induced by Alternaria in the germinating seeds. However, surprisingly, the defense responses, namely the salicylic acid (SA) pathway, the response to reactive oxygen species (ROS), the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and programmed cell death, were found to be strongly induced only during the latter post-germination stages. We propose that this non-canonical immune response in early germinating seeds compared to early seedling establishment was potentially due to the seed-to-seedling transition phase. Phenotypic analyses of about 14 mutants altered in the main defense pathways illustrated these specific defense responses. The unexpected germination deficiency and insensitivity to Alternaria in the glucosinolate deficient mutants allow hypothesis of a trade-off between seed germination, necrosis induction and Alternaria transmission to the seedling. The imbalance of the SA and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways to the detriment of the JA also illustrated a non-canonical immune response at the first stages of the seedling.

<p>El sector de plantas aromáticas, medicinales y<br />condimentarias reúne una amplia variedad de especies<br />nativas e introducidas con potencial agroindustrial.<br />Para contribuir al diagnóstico tecnológico del sector<br />en Colombia y brindar elementos de planificación<br />estratégica hacia mejores niveles de desarrollo e<br />internacionalización, se priorizaron ciertas especies<br />aromáticas en este artículo y se planteó una vigilancia<br />tecnología del 2004 al 2014. Se hizo una búsqueda<br />de artículos científicos y patentes en ocho bases<br />de datos en el ámbito nacional, iberoamericano y<br />mundial según temáticas priorizadas. Los datos se<br />procesaron mediante Microsoft Excel, EndNote,<br />Vantage Point (2014) y Thomson Data Analyzer.<br />A nivel nacional, la temática más registrada fue el<br />Abstract<br />The sector of aromatic, medicinal and seasoning<br />herbs brings together a wide variety of native and<br />introduced species with agroindustrial potential. In<br />order to contribute to the technological assessment<br />of the sector in Colombia and provide elements<br />of strategic planning towards higher levels of<br />development and internationalization. We prioritized<br />certain aromatic species in this article and a<br />technological surveillance was made during 2004-<br />2014. A searching scientific articles and patents was<br />made in eight national, iberoamericanand worldwide<br />databases according prioritized issues. Data processing<br />was performed using Microsoft Excel, EndNote,<br />Vantage Point (2014) Thomson Data Analyzer<br />programs. At National level, the planting material<br />material de siembra y el mejoramiento genético,<br />mientras que en Iberoamérica y el mundo, fue el<br />efecto biocida. Los países líderes en investigaciones<br />sobre las aromáticas vigiladas fueron Brasil, Colombia<br />y Cuba. A nivel internacional, los líderes en producción<br />científica en PubMed y Scopus fueron India, EE. UU.,<br />Brasil y Colombia. La tendencia mundial de patentes<br />es creciente, y su principal enfoque es “Necesidades<br />corrientes de la vida”. En conclusión, la vigilancia<br />tecnológica ofreció una visión global de avances y<br />tendencias en investigación y desarrollo tecnológico<br />en áreas temáticas vinculadas con las plantas aromáticas.<br />Además, se identificaron posibles aliados<br />investigativos y fluctuación de la producción científica<br />a través del tiempo.</p>

Dental caries is a pathology of multifactorial origin and currently natural products are an efficient alternative treatment; The work sought to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and the citral and myrcene components against Streptococcus mutans ATCC UA159, as well as their cytotoxicity on keratinocytes and human fibroblasts. The viability effect against Streptococcus mutans on biofilms was evaluated through exposure to the three substances by using the MBEC technique-high-throughput at concentrations of 1, 0.1, and 0.01 µg/mL and chlorhexidine as positive control. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated on keratinocytes and fibroblasts through the MTT reduction technique, using 0.5 mM H2O2 as cell-death control (negative control) and ethanol 1% as vehicle control (positive control). The three substances evaluated had effects on the viability of Streptococcus mutans with mortality between 74% and 96%, without significant difference among them (p > 0.393); additionally, no cytotoxicity was evident on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in a 24-h treatment. The substances evaluated showed significant antimicrobial effects; hence, these should be studied further as potential co-adjuvants to prevent dental caries that cause minor adverse effects