Trust management in a blockchain based fog computing platform with trustless smart oracles

Kochovski, Petar; Gec, Sandi; Stankovski, Vlado; Bajec, Marko; Дробинцев, Павел

doi:10.1016/j.future.2019.07.030

Cited by 150 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This replacement was theoretically shown to be beneficial for connecting highly-heterogeneous resources within the network. In [56] a Trust Management architecture for a CCTV system, using PoC algorithm in FC platforms, was proposed. In this architecture, BC was basically deployed for collecting payments using a proposed smart AI protocol.…”

Section: E Industrial Internet Of Things Applications (Iiot)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Blockchain-Fog Integration Approaches

Baniata

Kertész

2020

IEEE Access

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Fog computing (FC) is the extension of Cloud Computing (CC), from the core of the internet architecture to the edge of the network, with the aim to perform processes closer to end-users. This extension is proven to enhance security, and to reduce latency and energy consumption. Blockchain (BC), on the other hand, is the base technology behind crypto-currencies, yet is implemented in wide range of different applications. The security and reliability, along with the distributed trust management criteria proposed in BC, excited the research community to integrate it with FC, in a step towards reaching a distributed and trusted, Data, Payment, Reputation, and Identity management systems. In this survey we present the upto-date state-of-the-art of FC-BC integration with a detailed literature review and classification. We discuss and categorize the related papers according to the year of publication, domain, used algorithms, BC roles, and the placement of the BC in the FC architecture. Our research presents detailed observations, analysis, and open challenges for the BC-FC integration. We believe such conclusions may clarify the vision of the BC-FC integration, and calibrate the compass towards open issues and future research directions.

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Section: E Industrial Internet Of Things Applications (Iiot)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Blockchain-Fog Integration Approaches

Baniata

Kertész

2020

IEEE Access

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“…Furthermore, Smart Oracles are useful means that reduce the necessity of costly operations on a blockchain, such as storing and using data within SCs. In particular, external data that is provided by Smart Oracles can be used within an SC in order to decide, if a deployment option can satisfy the requested QoS, and consequently used to deploy an AI container on the deployment option automatically [16]. Advanced Smart Oracle solutions, such as Provable 1 (rebranded Oraclize 2 ) provide Smart Contract templates, which ensure This is a pre-print of an article published in the Journal of Grid Computing.…”

Section: Blockchain Essentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once a deployment decision takes place, the deployment option was monitored using the Prometheus Monitoring System 15 against the defined SLOs. Then, artificial network latency (see Figure 6) on the chosen deployment option was gradually applied, using the network emulator NetEm 16 , which forced the alarm trigger to react. When the alarm trigger [31] detects a violation, it notifies the probabilistic model to perform probabilistic evaluation and estimate the redeployment confidence level in order to initiate redeployment process.…”

Section: Probabilistic Decision-making Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goal of the present study is to design a new SLA management architecture that achieves high QoS operation through federation and orchestration of Edge-Fog computing offer, and is particularly suitable for the deployment of specific AI components in Edge-to-Cloud environments. This study is motivated by the emergence of blockchain, in particular its constructs and mechanisms such as Smart Contracts (SCs) and trustless Smart Oracles [16], and can be used to implement mechanisms for the dynamic federation of computing resources (e.g. VMs) coupled with transparent and traceable orchestration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smart Contracts for Service-Level Agreements in Edge-to-Cloud Computing

et al. 2020

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The management of Service-Level Agreements (SLAs) in Edge-to-Cloud computing is a complex task due to the great heterogeneity of computing infrastructures and networks and their varying runtime conditions, which influences the resulting Quality of Service (QoS). SLA-management should be supported by formal assurances, ranking and verification of various microservice deployment options. This work introduces a novel Smart Contract (SC) based architecture that provides for SLA management among relevant entities and actors in a decentralised computing environment: Virtual Machines (VMs), Cloud service consumers and Cloud providers. Its key components are especially designed SC functions, a trustless Smart Oracle (Chainlink) and a probabilistic Markov Decision Process. The novel architecture is implemented on Ethereum ledger (testnet). The results show its feasibility for SLA management including low costs operation within dynamic and decentralised Edge-to-Cloud federations.

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“…Authors in Reference 101 have provided a trust management architecture for fog computing platform based on the adoption of block‐chain oriented smart contracts and particularly intended trustless smart oracles. The researchers have implemented the proposed architecture on Ethereum ledger.…”

Section: Review Of the Selected Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trust management of services (TMoS): Investigating the current mechanisms

Hayyolalam

Pourghebleh

Kazem

2020

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Generally, service interactions in dynamic environments comprising cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT), and etc. occur in an unspecified situation causing trust management a significant aspect. The widespread usage of services in today's vastly high-tech world reveals the rising necessity of trust management in terms of services. In dynamic environments, there are not enough confidences for users to recognize trustworthy service providers. Hence, evaluating and managing the trustworthiness of services is a vital challenge for enabling customers to select trustworthy resources in dynamic environments. To the extent of our knowledge, in spite of the vital role of Trust Management of Services (TMoS), there is not any thorough and systematic work in this scope with a specific focus on services. Thus, this research investigates the current methods of trust management in terms of services, which are published up to February 2020. We have identified 68 papers that are diminished to 22 mostly qualified papers through the article selection process. Also, we have examined and compared the selected papers in terms of their merits and demerits, considering the important parameters in this field. The investigation results point out that the security, scalability, and dynamicity are essential to almost all research. Furthermore, privacy and reliability are the most essential parameters in the field of TMoS. Moreover, the statistical results and information can contribute to future works; also, we have conducted some open issues and future work suggestions that could be an effective roadmap for future researchers in this area.

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Trust management in a blockchain based fog computing platform with trustless smart oracles

Cited by 150 publications

References 41 publications

A Survey on Blockchain-Fog Integration Approaches

A Survey on Blockchain-Fog Integration Approaches

Smart Contracts for Service-Level Agreements in Edge-to-Cloud Computing

Trust management of services (TMoS): Investigating the current mechanisms

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