A Survey on Blockchain-Fog Integration Approaches

Baniata, Hamza; Kertész, Attila

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2999213

Cited by 57 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…• Computationally intensive Proof of Work (PoW) need to be addressed Baniata et al [50] • Need more sophisticated security measures • Not suggested for time-critical IoT application • Lack of standardization • Problem with fast-moving clients Yao et al [42] Authentication Mechanisms…”

Section: Author Purpose Synopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Purview of Blockchain Appositeness in Computing Paradigms: A Survey

Babu¹,

Babu²

2021

ISI

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Blockchain technology is getting more and more pertinent to solve most of the digital problems that we face today. Blockchain is notable for its prominent features like immutability, decentralization, consensus, privacy, and security. However, blockchain is still suffering from different barriers like quantum attacks, scalability problems, integration problems, incompetence to face bigdata, storage problems, and so on. The main aim of this study was to find out the scope, various problems raised, and the applicability of blockchain technology when integrated with different computing paradigms like cloud computing, edge computing, fog computing, osmotic computing, big data computing, and quantum computing. To conduct this study, we have surveyed different research articles in the combination of blockchain technology and computing paradigms. Based on this survey, we have mentioned the contemporary research works, challenges, and a list of possible research opportunities and solutions.

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Section: Author Purpose Synopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Purview of Blockchain Appositeness in Computing Paradigms: A Survey

Babu¹,

Babu²

2021

ISI

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“…Due to the distribution of Fog nodes and its closeness to IoT devices, centralized control system like what we have in the Cloud is not possible. Therefore, new innovative techniques and solutions are required to enhance IoT users and data privacy in the Fog environment 24,123,124 such as using the blockchain technology 26,27,125‐128 . This section discusses the recommendations and future opportunities to mitigate this issue.…”

Section: Rq3—challenges and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, new innovative techniques and solutions are required to enhance IoT users and data privacy in the Fog environment 24,123,124 such as using the blockchain technology. 26,27,[125][126][127][128] This section discusses the recommendations and future opportunities to mitigate this issue.…”

Section: Iot Device Privacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fog computing security and privacy for the Internet of Thing applications: State‐of‐the‐art

Alzoubi

Osmanaj

Jaradat

et al. 2020

Security and Privacy

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Fog nodes are implemented near to end‐users Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which mitigate the impact of low latency, location awareness, and geographic distribution unsupported features of many IoT applications. Moreover, Fog computing decreases the data offload into the Cloud, which decreases the response time. Despite these benefits, Fog computing faces many challenges in meeting security and privacy requirements. These challenges occur due to the limitations of Fog computing resources. In fact, Fog computing may add new security and privacy issues. Although many papers have discussed the Fog security and privacy issues recently, most of these papers have discussed these issues at a very high level. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of Fog privacy and security issue. In this survey, we review the literature on Fog computing to draw the state‐of‐the‐art of the security and privacy issues raised by Fog computing. The findings of this survey reveal that studying Fog computing is still in its infant stage. Many questions are yet to be answered to address the privacy and security challenges of Fog computing.

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“…We have previously investigated the integration of BC with FC in Baniata & Kertesz (2020) . Accordingly, we concluded that such integration may ease the optimization of several current Cloud-Edge issues, such as enhancing security, credibility, and resource efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FoBSim: an extensible open-source simulation tool for integrated fog-blockchain systems

Baniata¹,

Kertész²

2021

PeerJ Computer Science

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A lot of hard work and years of research are still needed for developing successful Blockchain (BC) applications. Although it is not yet standardized, BC technology was proven as to be an enhancement factor for security, decentralization, and reliability, leading to be successfully implemented in cryptocurrency industries. Fog computing (FC) is one of the recently emerged paradigms that needs to be improved to serve Internet of Things (IoT) environments of the future. As hundreds of projects, ideas, and systems were proposed, one can find a great R&D potential for integrating BC and FC technologies. Examples of organizations contributing to the R&D of these two technologies, and their integration, include Linux, IBM, Google, Microsoft, and others. To validate an integrated Fog-Blockchain protocol or method implementation, before the deployment phase, a suitable and accurate simulation environment is needed. Such validation should save a great deal of costs and efforts on researchers and companies adopting this integration. Current available simulation environments facilitate Fog simulation, or BC simulation, but not both. In this paper, we introduce a Fog-Blockchain simulator, namely FoBSim, with the main goal to ease the experimentation and validation of integrated Fog-Blockchain approaches. According to our proposed workflow of simulation, we implement different Consensus Algorithms (CA), different deployment options of the BC in the FC architecture, and different functionalities of the BC in the simulation. Furthermore, technical details and algorithms on the simulated integration are provided. We validate FoBSim by describing the technologies used within FoBSim, highlighting FoBSim’s novelty compared to the state-of-the-art, discussing the event validity in FoBSim, and providing a clear walk-through validation. Finally, we simulate case studies, then present and analyze the obtained results, where deploying the BC network in the fog layer shows enhanced efficiency in terms of total run time and total storage cost.

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A Survey on Blockchain-Fog Integration Approaches

Cited by 57 publications

References 66 publications

The Purview of Blockchain Appositeness in Computing Paradigms: A Survey

The Purview of Blockchain Appositeness in Computing Paradigms: A Survey

Fog computing security and privacy for the Internet of Thing applications: State‐of‐the‐art

FoBSim: an extensible open-source simulation tool for integrated fog-blockchain systems

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