Tropospheric Effect on Electromagnetically Measured Range: Prediction from Surface Weather Data

Hopfield, H. S.

doi:10.1029/rs006i003p00357

Cited by 229 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Analyzing the percentage of successful baselines we can establish that while for the 2D case, in all strategies and for each class, the success increases with session length, in 1D that trend is not clear. Applying the Hopfield model [5] for baselines in class R 3 and higher do not appear to produce better results with longer sessions. By adopting the strategy of computing the troposphere the benefits of longer sessions are only significant to baselines up to class R 3 and, even yet, 12 hours sessions are required (74% of success with BC, 65% with PC).…”

Section: Numerical Results and Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of a GPS equipment by general linear models approach

Teodoro

Gonçalves

Correia

2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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A model-driven approach to information security compliance AIP Conference Proceedings 1836, 020082 (2017) Abstract. One of the major challenges in processing high-accurate long baselines is the presence of un-modelled ionospheric and tropospheric delays. There are effective mitigation strategies for ionospheric biases, such as the ionosphere-free linear combination of L 1 and L 2 carrier-phase, which can remove about 98% of the first-order ionospheric biases. With few exceptions this was the solution found by LGO for the 11760 baselines processed in this research. Therefore, for successful results, the appropriated approach to the mitigation of biases due to tropospheric delays is vital. The main aim of the investigations presented in this work was to evaluate the improvements, or not, of the rate of baselines successfully produced by adopting an advanced tropospheric bias mitigation strategy as opposed to a sample tropospheric bias mitigation approach. In both cases LGO uses as a priori tropospheric model the simplified Hopfield model, improved in the first case with a zenith tropospheric scale factor per station. Being aware that 1D and 2D present different behaviors, both cases are analyzed individually with each strategy.

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Section: Numerical Results and Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of a GPS equipment by general linear models approach

Teodoro

Gonçalves

Correia

2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…The wet mapping functions derived by Black are based on the quartic profiles developed by Hopfield and use the equivalent heights proposed by Hopfield [3]. This mapping function was recommended for elevation angles above 5å nd the slant wet delay is [17]:…”

Section: Black Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, electromagnetic waves are refracted in the neutral, lower part of the Earth's atmosphere. Influence of the neutral atmosphere is commonly referred to as the tropospheric refraction [3]. In detail, the GNSS signal slows down and its path is getting curved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Wet Mapping Functions Used in Modeling Tropospheric Propagation Delay Effect on GPS Measurements

Younes¹

2017

TOASCJ

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Background:The author compares several methods to map the a priori wet tropospheric delay of GNSS signals in Egypt from the zenith direction to lower elevations. Methods and Materials:The author compared the following mapping techniques against ray-traced delays computed for radiosonde profiles under the assumption of spherical symmetry: Saastamoinen, Hopfield, Black, Chao, Ifadis, Herring, Niell, Moffett, Black and Eisner and UNBabc mapping functions. Radiosonde data were computed from radiosonde stations at the Egyptian stations; in the south of Egypt, near the Mediterranean Sea, and near the Red Sea over a period of 5 years (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005), most of the stations launched radiosonde twice daily, every day of the year. Moreover, data is received from the Egyptian Meteorology Authority. Results and Conclusion:The results indicate that currently, the saastamoinen mapping function should be used for all geodetic applications in Egypt, and if necessary, the Chao and Moffett mapping functions can serve as an acceptable replacement without introducing a significant bias into the station position.

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“…In past research, several tropospheric models have been established, such as the Modified Saastamoinen Model (Saastamoinen, 1972;1973), the Modified Hopfield Model (Hopfield, 1969;1970;. These can correct up to 90% of the tropospheric effect.…”

Section: Introduction Fast High Precision Relative Globamentioning

confidence: 99%

First Preliminary Fast Static Ambiguity Resolution Results of Medium-Baseline with Triple-Frequency Beidou Wavebands

Wang

et al. 2014

J. Navigation

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Fast high precision relative Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning is very important to various applications and ambiguity resolution is a key requirement. It has been a continuing challenge to determine and fix GNSS carrier-phase ambiguity, especially for medium-and long-distance baselines. In past research, with dual-frequency band Global Positioning System (GPS), it is almost impossible for fast ambiguity resolution of mediumand long-distance baselines mainly due to the ionospheric and tropospheric effects. With the launch of the BeiDou system, triple-frequency band GNSS observations are available for the first time. This research aims to test the ambiguity resolution performance with BeiDou triplefrequency band observations. In this research, two mathematical models are compared: zenith tropospheric delay as an unknown parameter versus corrected tropospheric delay. The ambiguity resolution performance is investigated in detail with BeiDou observations. Different distance baselines are tested: 45 km, 70 km and 100 km and the performances are investigated with different elevation cut-off angles. Also the performance with BeiDou alone and combined BeiDou and GPS are compared. Experimental results clearly show that with practical observations of triple-frequency bands, ambiguity of medium-or long-distance baselines can be fixed. The results also show that: the performance of ambiguity resolution with an elevation cutoff angle of 20°is much better than that of 15°; The performance with tropospheric effect corrected is slightly better than that with tropospheric effect as an estimated parameter; Dual-frequency band GPS observations will benefit ambiguity resolution of integrated BeiDou and GPS. K E Y WO R D S 1. BeiDou.2. Ambiguity resolution. 3. Medium-and long-distance baselines. 4. Ionosphere.5. Troposphere.

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Tropospheric Effect on Electromagnetically Measured Range: Prediction from Surface Weather Data

Cited by 229 publications

References 4 publications

Performance analysis of a GPS equipment by general linear models approach

Performance analysis of a GPS equipment by general linear models approach

Evaluation of Wet Mapping Functions Used in Modeling Tropospheric Propagation Delay Effect on GPS Measurements

First Preliminary Fast Static Ambiguity Resolution Results of Medium-Baseline with Triple-Frequency Beidou Wavebands

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