Tropical Temperature Variations Since 20,000 Years Ago: Modulating Interhemispheric Climate Change

Guilderson, Thomas P.; Fairbanks, Richard G.; Rubenstone, J.L.

doi:10.1126/science.263.5147.663

Cited by 558 publications

(279 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This finding is in conflict with terrestrial and coral derived SST reconstructions which suggest low latitude LGM temperatures were up to 5-6 1C colder than the present day (e.g. Clapperton, 1993;Guilderson et al, 1994;Stute et al, 1995). Mg/Ca paleothermometry has provided insight to this paleoclimate problem; several Mg/Ca-based temperature reconstructions have yielded tropical LGM temperatures that are 2.0-3.5 1C colder than modern.…”

Section: Mg/ca Temperature Reconstructions For the Lgmcontrasting

confidence: 51%

Planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca as a proxy for past oceanic temperatures: a methodological overview and data compilation for the Last Glacial Maximum

Barker

Cacho

Benway

et al. 2005

Quaternary Science Reviews

231

163

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As part of the Multi-proxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean (MARGO) incentive, published and unpublished temperature reconstructions for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) based on planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios have been synthesised and made available in an online database. Development and applications of Mg/Ca thermometry are described in order to illustrate the current state of the method. Various attempts to calibrate foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios with temperature, including culture, trap and core-top approaches have given very consistent results although differences in methodological techniques can produce offsets between laboratories which need to be assessed and accounted for where possible. Dissolution of foraminiferal calcite at the sea-floor generally causes a lowering of Mg/Ca ratios. This effect requires further study in order to account and potentially correct for it if dissolution has occurred. Mg/Ca thermometry has advantages over other paleotemperature proxies including its use to investigate changes in the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater and the ability to reconstruct changes in the thermal structure of the water column by use of multiple species from different depth and or seasonal habitats. Presently available data are somewhat limited to low latitudes where they give fairly consistent values for the temperature difference between Late Holocene and the LGM (2-3.5 1C). Data from higher latitudes are more sparse, and suggest there may be complicating factors when comparing between multi-proxy reconstructions. r

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Section: Mg/ca Temperature Reconstructions For the Lgmcontrasting

confidence: 51%

Planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca as a proxy for past oceanic temperatures: a methodological overview and data compilation for the Last Glacial Maximum

Barker

Cacho

Benway

et al. 2005

Quaternary Science Reviews

231

163

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“…These results Gagan et al, 1994;Gagan and Chivas, 1995 Guilderson et al, 1994). Also shown for comparision are the O variations observed in the GISP II and Byrd polar ice cores (after Sowers and Bender, 1995).…”

Section: Post-glacial Tropical Sstsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Coral paleothermometers, combined with oxygen and carbon isotope ratios, are allowing us to explore the natural bounds in tropical SSTs, the hydrological cycle, and ocean circulation during the last full glacial cycle. So far, several studies have yielded information about past changes in tropical SST (Beck et al, 1992(Beck et al, , 1997Guilderson et al, 1994;McCulloch et al, 1996), global ice volume (Guilderson et al, 1994), surface-ocean hydrologic balance (Klein et al, 1990;Gagan et al, 1998), and ocean mixing (Edwards et al, 1993).…”

Section: Post-glacial Tropical Sstsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New views of tropical paleoclimates from corals

Gagan

Ayliffe

Beck

et al. 2000

Quaternary Science Reviews

448

287

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Corals o!er a rich archive of past climate variability in tropical ocean regions where instrumental data are limited and where our knowledge of multi-decadal climate sensitivity is incomplete. In the eastern equatorial Paci"c, coral isotopic records track variations in ENSO-related changes in sea-surface temperature; further west, corals record variability in sea-surface temperature and rainfall that accompanies zonal displacement of the Indonesian Low during ENSO events. These multi-century records reveal previously unrecognised ENSO variability on time scales of decades to centuries. Outside the ENSO-sensitive equatorial Paci"c, long-term trends towards recent warmer/wetter conditions suggest the tropics respond to global forcings. New coral paleothermometers indicate that surface-ocean temperatures in the tropical southwestern Paci"c were depressed by 4}63C during the Younger Dryas climatic event and rose episodically during the next 4000 yr. High temporal-resolution measurements of Sr/Ca and O in corals provide information about the surface-ocean hydrologic balance and can resolve the seasonal balance between precipitation and evaporation. Radiocarbon measurements in corals, coupled with ocean circulation models, may be used to reconstruct near-surface ocean circulation, past mixing rates, and the distribution of fossil fuel CO in the upper ocean. Most recently, seasonal to interannual variations in the radiocarbon of corals from the equatorial Paci"c have been linked to the redistribution of surface waters associated with the ENSO.

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“…Coupled high precision radiocarbon and uranium series dates from surface corals constrain the history of atmospheric ⌬ 14 C beyond the tree ring calibration (Bard et al, 1993;Bard et al, 1990;Edwards et al, 1993). In addition, TIMS dates provide precise ages for coral tracer-based studies of past oceanographic conditions (Beck et al, 1997;Beck et al, 1992;Gagan et al, 1998;Guilderson et al, 1994;McCulloch et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

U-Th dating of deep-sea corals

Cheng

Adkins

Edwards

et al. 2000

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

209

162

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Abstract- 230 Th, 232 Th, 234 U and 238 U compositions of several deep-sea solitary corals, mainly the species Desmophyllum cristagalli, were determined by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). It is possible to obtain high precision ages on modern pristine corals that have low [ 232 Th] (5 to a few hundred ppt). However, because older deep-sea corals tend to have higher [ 232 Th] compared to surface corals, and the initial 230 Th/ 232 Th ratio is uncertain, older deep-sea corals have larger age uncertainties (Ϯseveral hundred years for samples with a few thousand ppt 232 Th). Therefore, the key hurdle for precise U-Th dating is to remove or account for contaminants which contain elevated 232 Th and associated 230 Th not due to closed system decay within the coral lattice. A modification of the trace metal cleaning methods used for foraminifera and surface corals can significantly reduce this contamination. By counting the visible growth bands and measuring the mean age of a single septum, the extension rate of D. cristagalli was estimated to be between 0.1 and 3.1 mm/year. In a mean sense, bands appear to be precipitated annually, but this estimate has a large uncertainty. If appropriate tracer calibrations can be established, these corals are therefore suitable to record decadal or sub-decadal oceanographic changes over the course of their lifetime. The ␦ 234 U values of all modern samples from different localities and different depths are similar (mean 145.5 Ϯ 2.3‰) and indistinguishable from the data obtained from surface corals. At a precision of about Ϯ2‰, we find no structure in the oceanic profile of ␦ 234 U ratios over the top 2000 m of the water column.

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Tropical Temperature Variations Since 20,000 Years Ago: Modulating Interhemispheric Climate Change

Cited by 558 publications

References 29 publications

Planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca as a proxy for past oceanic temperatures: a methodological overview and data compilation for the Last Glacial Maximum

Planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca as a proxy for past oceanic temperatures: a methodological overview and data compilation for the Last Glacial Maximum

New views of tropical paleoclimates from corals

U-Th dating of deep-sea corals

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