Tropical Fruits

Abrol, D. P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21085-8_8

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 208 publications

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“…The fruit‐spotting bug, A. nitida , and the banana‐spotting bug, A. l. lutescens , are the most serious pests of macadamia in Australia 44 . They have a large host range and reportedly fly in and out of macadamia crops, causing economic damage to developing nuts, flowers and terminal growth 44–46 . They cause damage for up to 6 months of the crop lifecycle, from September until February, and are difficult to control as they are difficult to monitor and small numbers of bugs can cause large amounts of damage 44,47,48 .…”

Section: Current Insecticide Use In Macadamiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nut bush pesticide limits: urgent need for a comprehensive strategy to address current and emerging insect pests and insecticide options in the Australian macadamia industry

Ellis,

Anderson,

Yonow

et al. 2024

Pest Management Science

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In Australia, macadamia orchards are attacked by four main insect pest groups. Management and control of three of these key pests currently relies on broad‐spectrum insecticides whose long‐term future is questionable. Of the 23 insecticides registered for use in macadamia in Australia, 19 face issues affecting their availability, and 12 are presently not approved in the EU, US or Canada. Those international markets may refuse produce that doesn't adhere to their own insecticide use standards, hence Australian produce may be excluded from market access. Many of the potential replacement IPM methods of pest control are generally considered less effective by the industry and have not been adopted. There are 17 insect pest groups identified by the industry, any of which have potential to become major problems if broad‐spectrum insecticide options become unavailable. Thirteen pest groups need urgent attention as they are at risk of losing current effective control methods, and no replacement solutions have yet been developed. The lag period for R&D to develop new chemical and biological control solutions means there is now an urgent need for the macadamia industry to craft a strategy for sustainable pest management for each pest. Critically, this industry strategy needs to address the vulnerabilities identified in this paper, identify potential solutions for any cases of market failure and consider funding mechanisms to address these gaps. On economic and sustainability grounds, potential biological control options should be explored, especially in cases where insecticide control options are vulnerable.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Current Insecticide Use In Macadamiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nut bush pesticide limits: urgent need for a comprehensive strategy to address current and emerging insect pests and insecticide options in the Australian macadamia industry

Ellis,

Anderson,

Yonow

et al. 2024

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Biology and ecology of insect pests in macadamia: a review of the current status of IPM strategies in Australia

Ellis,

Anderson,

Yonow

et al. 2023

Journal of Integrated Pest Management

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Macadamia spp. are native to Australia and have significant commercial value worldwide for their edible nuts. Integrated pest management (IPM) can be challenging in Australia because macadamia is a native plant cultivated commercially in its native range alongside its native insect pests and their natural enemies. Attaining viable commercial yields of macadamia in Australia has historically relied heavily upon the use of chemical insecticides, including organophosphates, and a shift away from reliance on these practices has not yet happened. Amblypelta spp. have historically been the pests of greatest concern to the Australian macadamia industry and that has not changed, but the make-up of the other major and minor pests has changed over time. More recently, the more southern-growing regions have experienced increases in Cercotingis decoris, Proteatingis howardi, and Kuschelorhynchus macadamiae, and there are currently no long-term viable control options for these species. The Australian macadamia pests, Cryptophlebia ombrodelta and Acanthococcus ironsidei, not necessarily of major concern in Australia, have spread to macadamias in other countries and have become significant pests as they do not have the corresponding native natural enemies. There are critical gaps in the identification of macadamia pest species and their natural enemies, as well as an understanding of their biology and ecology, distribution, host preferences, and movement. The identified knowledge gaps need to be addressed to support IPM in macadamia, both in Australia and internationally.

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Tropical Fruits

Cited by 2 publications

References 208 publications

Nut bush pesticide limits: urgent need for a comprehensive strategy to address current and emerging insect pests and insecticide options in the Australian macadamia industry

Nut bush pesticide limits: urgent need for a comprehensive strategy to address current and emerging insect pests and insecticide options in the Australian macadamia industry

Biology and ecology of insect pests in macadamia: a review of the current status of IPM strategies in Australia

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