Tropical and subtropical Asia's valued tree species under threat

Gaisberger, Hannes; Fremout, Tobias; Kettle, Chris J.; Vinceti, Barbara; Kemalasari, Della; Kanchanarak, Tania; Thomas, Evert; Serra‐Diaz, Josep M.; Svenning, Jens‐Christian; Slik, Ferry; Eiadthong, Wichan; Palanisamy, Kandasamy; Ravikanth, G.; Bodos, Vilma; Sang, Julia; Warrier, Rekha R.; Wee, Alison K. S.; Elloran, Christian; Ramos, Lawrence T.; Henry, Matieu; Hossain, Akhter; Theilade, Ida; Lægaard, Simon; Bandara, K.M.A.; Weerasinghe, Dimantha Panduka; Changtragoon, Suchitra; Yuskianti, Vivi; Wilkie, Peter; Nghia, Nguyen Hoang; Elliott, Stephen; Pakkad, Greuk; Tiansawat, Pimonrat; Maycock, Colin R.; Bounithiphonh, Chaloun; Mohamed, Rozi; Nazre, M.; Siddiqui, Md. Bakhtiar Nur; Lee, Soon-Leong; Lee, Chai Ting; Zakaria, Nurul Farhanah; Hartvig, Ida; Lehmann, Lutz; David, Dzaeman B Dzulkifli; Lillesø, Jens‐Peter Barnekow; Chhang, Phourin; Zheng, Yongqi; Ping, Huang; Volkaert, Hugo; Graudal, Lars; Hamidi, Arief; So, Thea; Sreng, Sineath; Boshier, David; Tolentino, E. L.; Wickneswari, R.; Aung, Mu Mu; Galante, Michael; Md-Isa, Siti Fatimah; Dũng, Nguyễn Quốc; Hoa, Trần Thị Tuyết; Le, Tran Chan; Miah, Md. Danesh; Zuhry, Abdul Lateef Mohd; Alawathugoda, Deepani; Azman, Amelia; Pushpakumara, Gamini; Sumedi, N.; Siregar, Iskandar Z.; Nak, Hong Kyung; Linsky, Jean; Barstow, Megan; Koh, Lian Pin; Jalonen, Riina

doi:10.1111/cobi.13873

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Furthermore, half of the high-priority areas for tree diversity conservation currently have moderate to high human pressures. Here, pressures such as habitat conversion, overharvesting, or overgrazing by livestock threaten tree populations and may also negatively influence conservation efforts in nearby PAs ( 17 , 18 , 65 – 67 ). Our analysis thus identifies vulnerable areas in which protection efforts, mitigation of human pressure, and restoration efforts (sensu ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure

Guo

Serra‐Diaz

Schrodt

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Safeguarding Earth’s tree diversity is a conservation priority due to the importance of trees for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services such as carbon sequestration. Here, we improve the foundation for effective conservation of global tree diversity by analyzing a recently developed database of tree species covering 46,752 species. We quantify range protection and anthropogenic pressures for each species and develop conservation priorities across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity dimensions. We also assess the effectiveness of several influential proposed conservation prioritization frameworks to protect the top 17% and top 50% of tree priority areas. We find that an average of 50.2% of a tree species’ range occurs in 110-km grid cells without any protected areas (PAs), with 6,377 small-range tree species fully unprotected, and that 83% of tree species experience nonnegligible human pressure across their range on average. Protecting high-priority areas for the top 17% and 50% priority thresholds would increase the average protected proportion of each tree species’ range to 65.5% and 82.6%, respectively, leaving many fewer species (2,151 and 2,010) completely unprotected. The priority areas identified for trees match well to the Global 200 Ecoregions framework, revealing that priority areas for trees would in large part also optimize protection for terrestrial biodiversity overall. Based on range estimates for >46,000 tree species, our findings show that a large proportion of tree species receive limited protection by current PAs and are under substantial human pressure. Improved protection of biodiversity overall would also strongly benefit global tree diversity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure

Guo

Serra‐Diaz

Schrodt

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…New initiatives, such as species-specific vulnerability maps combining information on species distributions, threat exposure and sensitivity are now being developed for Asia (see Fremout et al 2020 for the method; Gaisberger et al 2020). Overall, 74% of the most important areas for the conservation of 63 socio-economically important tree species in Indonesia and Malaysia fall outside PAs, with species severely threatened across 47% of their native ranges, while the most imminent threats were overexploitation and habitat conversion, surpassing climate change impact (Gaisberger et al 2021). Still, many species ranges are non-congruent, there are few sharp floristic boundaries, and most data available is only on presence-absence, while there is a need for data on long-term tree population dynamics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asia-Pacific roadmap for primary forest conservation

Laumonier¹,

Azzu²,

Adzan³

2022

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The authors particularly want to thank all of the students and research assistants from the CIFOR/FTA spatial data analysis team for their impressive work on searching for, compiling and analyzing all of the data needed to produce all the maps and infographics included in the study: Ridwan Ardiyanto, Rizqi Agung and Syaru Ramdhoni. Thanks to their work, a huge wealth of information is now available to help regional experts and decision makers act for primary forest conservation in Asia and the Pacific.

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“…Rosewoods have been the world’s most trafficked wild product since 2005, amounting to 30–40% of the global illegal wildlife trade 1 , which is estimated at 7–23 billion USD annually 4 . Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre and D. oliveri Gamble ex Prain are among the most sought-after and threatened rosewood species.…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ancient changes in the distribution of terrestrial and water bodies have been associated with changes in vegetation types and cover 15 . These forests contribute substantially to local livelihoods, economies, food security, and human health 16,17 , though overexploitation undermines their potentially central role to nature-based solutions and most of them are unprotected 4 . Species-and environment-specific conservation approaches represent an immediate need in response to declining populations 5 .…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Range-wide differential adaptation and genomic vulnerability in critically endangered Asian rosewoods

Hung¹,

So²,

Thammavong³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In the billion-dollar global illegal wildlife trade, rosewoods have been the world's most trafficked wild product since 2005. Dalbergia cochinchinensis and D. oliveri are the most sought-after rosewoods in the Greater Mekong Subregion. They are exposed to significant genetic risks and the lack of knowledge on their adaptability limits the effectiveness of conservation efforts. Here we present genome assemblies and range-wide genomic scans of adaptive variation, together with predictions of genomic vulnerability to climate change. Adaptive genomic variation was differentially associated with temperature and precipitation-related variables between the species, although their natural ranges overlap. The findings are consistent with differences in pioneering ability and in drought tolerance. We predict their genomic offsets will increase over time and with increasing carbon emission pathway but at a faster pace in D. cochinchinensis than in D. oliveri. These results and the distinct gene-environment association in the eastern coastal edge suggest species-specific conservation actions: germplasm representation across the range in D. cochinchinensis and focused on vulnerability hotspots in D. oliveri. We translated our genomic models into a seed source matching application, seedeR, to rapidly inform restoration efforts. Our ecological genomic research uncovering contrasting selection forces acting in sympatric rosewoods is of relevance to conserving tropical trees globally and combating risks from climate change.

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Tropical and subtropical Asia's valued tree species under threat

Abstract: Tree diversity in Asia's tropical and subtropical forests is central to nature-based solutions. Species vulnerability to multiple threats, which affect provision of ecosystem services, is poorly understood. We conducted a region-wide, spatially explicit assessment of the

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure

High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure

Asia-Pacific roadmap for primary forest conservation

Range-wide differential adaptation and genomic vulnerability in critically endangered Asian rosewoods

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