Trophoblast Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants and Pregnancy Outcome—A Review

Poston, Lucilla; Raijmakers, Maarten

doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2004.01.003

Cited by 150 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…During pregnancy, oxidative stress has been associated with reproductive problems such as pre-eclampsia and abortion (Little and Gladen 1999;Poston and Raijmakers 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Rate of Lipid Peroxidation in Plasma and Selected Blood Antioxidants before and during Pregnancy in Ewes

2009

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Pregnancy is a condition that favours oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidant and antioxidant status by measuring glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations before and during pregnancy in ewes. Twelve healthy female and two healthy male Awassi sheep, aged 4-5 years, weighing approximately 50 -55 kg each, were used in the study. The ewes' blood samples were taken before synchronization and during pregnancy (on 25 th days of each month of pregnancy). Plasma MDA concentrations in the 2 nd and 3 rd months of pregnancy in ewes were lower than in the 1 st , 4 th , 5 th months of pregnancy and in the non-pregnant ewes. GSH concentrations and GSH-Px activities during pregnancy were increased (P < 0.01). GSH concentrations and GSH-Px activities were the highest in the 2 nd and 3 rd months of pregnancy. CAT activities were decreased after the 1 st month of pregnancy in ewes (P < 0.001). They were the lowest in the 2 nd and 3 rd months of pregnancy. The findings of our study show decreased CAT activities and elevated GSH concentrations and GSH-Px activities after the 1 st month of pregnancy in ewes. These changes in the indicators under study may indicate a predisposition to oxidative stress in the 2 nd and 3 rd month of pregnancy in ewes. Awassi sheep, pregnancy, oxidant and antioxidant status

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“…During pregnancy, oxidative stress has been associated with reproductive problems such as pre-eclampsia and abortion (Little and Gladen 1999;Poston and Raijmakers 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Rate of Lipid Peroxidation in Plasma and Selected Blood Antioxidants before and during Pregnancy in Ewes

2009

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“…Furthermore, K V channel expression and function can be inhibited by hypoxia (1,43) and oxidative stress (22). As PE and IUGR are associated with altered oxygenation and elevated reactive oxygen species in the placenta (24,42,44), it is possible that inhibition of trophoblast K V channels disrupts the regulation of trophoblast turnover by hCG in these pregnancy complications. However, further studies are necessary to identify the functionally relevant K V channels in trophoblasts of normal pregnancy and to explore their role in the pathogenesis of altered placental development and function in PE and IUGR.…”

Section: Perspectives and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

K⁺channel inhibition modulates the biochemical and morphological differentiation of human placental cytotrophoblast cells in vitro

Williams

Fyfe²,

Sibley³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Maintaining placental syncytiotrophoblast, a specialized multinucleated transport epithelium, is essential for normal human pregnancy. Syncytiotrophoblast continuously renews through differentiation and fusion of cytotrophoblast cells, under paracrine control by syncytiotrophoblast production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). We hypothesized that K+ channels participate in trophoblast syncytialization and hCG secretion in vitro. Two models of normal-term placenta were used: 1) isolated cytotrophoblast cells and 2) villous tissue in explant culture. Cells and explants were treated with K+ channel modulators from 18 h, and day 3, onward, respectively. Culture medium was analyzed for hCG, to assess secretion, as well as for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), to indicate cell/tissue integrity. hCG was also measured in cytotrophoblast cell lysates, indicating cellular production. Syncytialization of cytotrophoblast cells was assessed by immunofluorescent staining of desmosomes and nuclei. Over 18–66 h, mononucleate cells fused to form multinucleated syncytia, accompanied by a 28-fold rise in hCG secretion. 1 mM Ba2+ stimulated cytotrophoblast cell hCG secretion at 66 h compared with control, whereas 5 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) inhibited hCG secretion by >90%. 0.1–1 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) reduced cytotrophoblast cell hCG secretion and elevated cellular hCG; without altering cellular integrity or syncytialization. In villous explants, hCG secretion was not altered by 1 mM Ba2+ but inhibited by 5 mM 4-AP and 5/10 mM TEA, without affecting LDH release. Anandamide, pinacidil, and cromakalim were without effect in either model. In conclusion, 4-AP- and TEA-sensitive K+ channels (e.g., voltage-gated and Ca2+-activated) regulate trophoblast hCG secretion in culture. If these K+ channels participate in hCG secretion in situ, they may regulate trophoblast turnover in health and disease.

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“…Hcy concentrations are lower in pregnant women without complications than in nonpregnant women (Holmes et al 2005) and are slightly increased in normotensive pregnancies that later develop preeclampsia and are considerably increased once preeclampsia is established (Poston & Raijmakers 2004, Ueland & Vollset 2004, Mignini et al 2005. In established preeclampsia, Hcy reaches concentrations of 20-30 vs 5-11 mM in the control group and may even exceed 50 mM after methionine (Met) loading (D'Uva et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental markers of folate-related metabolism in preeclampsia

Mislanova¹,

Martsenyuk²,

Huppertz³

et al. 2011

Reproduction

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The etiology and degree of clinical symptoms of preeclampsia depend on genotypic and phenotypic maternal and trophoblast factors, and elevated levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) are one of the pathogenetic factors of preeclampsia. To assess the impact of the folate-related metabolism, we characterized the indices of this metabolism in 40 samples from uncomplicated term placentas and 28 samples from preeclamptic pregnancies by quantifying the total content of folate, methionine (Met), Hcy and related cysteine, and glutathione (GSH) in compliance with the 677 C/T genotype of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). The prevalence of MTHFR genotypes was not significantly different between the two groups. The polymorphism of MTHFR was not unambiguously connected with the content of total placental Met, Hcy and related cysteine, and GSH either in uncomplicated or in complicated pregnancies. By contrast, the combination of the heterozygous MTHFR genotype with folate deficiency in the samples from preeclamptic pregnancies was characterized by a statistically significant decrease in the Met content, a trend toward increased Hcy levels and a tight association between metabolically directly and indirectly related compounds, e.g. positive relation between Hcy versus cysteine and folate versus GSH and negative relation between folate versus Hcy and both Hcy and cysteine versus GSH. We demonstrated the expression of cystathionine-b-synthase (CBS) in human placenta at term by RT-PCR and western blot analysis, for the first time, and confirmed its catalytic activity and the accumulation of cysteine and CBS in placental explants cultivated in the presence of elevated Hcy concentrations. We suggest that disturbance in placental folate-related metabolism may be one of the pathogenetic factors in preeclampsia.

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Trophoblast Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants and Pregnancy Outcome—A Review

Cited by 150 publications

References 65 publications

Changes in the Rate of Lipid Peroxidation in Plasma and Selected Blood Antioxidants before and during Pregnancy in Ewes

Changes in the Rate of Lipid Peroxidation in Plasma and Selected Blood Antioxidants before and during Pregnancy in Ewes

K⁺channel inhibition modulates the biochemical and morphological differentiation of human placental cytotrophoblast cells in vitro

Placental markers of folate-related metabolism in preeclampsia

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Trophoblast Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants and Pregnancy Outcome—A Review

Cited by 150 publications

References 65 publications

Changes in the Rate of Lipid Peroxidation in Plasma and Selected Blood Antioxidants before and during Pregnancy in Ewes

Changes in the Rate of Lipid Peroxidation in Plasma and Selected Blood Antioxidants before and during Pregnancy in Ewes

K+channel inhibition modulates the biochemical and morphological differentiation of human placental cytotrophoblast cells in vitro

Placental markers of folate-related metabolism in preeclampsia

Contact Info

Product

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K⁺channel inhibition modulates the biochemical and morphological differentiation of human placental cytotrophoblast cells in vitro