Tropane alkaloids in food: poisoning incidents

Adamse, P.; Egmond, H. P. van; Noordam, M.Y.; Mulder, Patrick P.J.; Nijs, W.C.M. de

doi:10.3920/qas2013.0314

Cited by 77 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…In another hand, Liou et al confirmed anti-inflammatory activity of two components (lawsochylin 1 and lawsonaphthoate A) from L. inermis these molecules inhibit superoxide anion generation in inflammation process [45]. Plants that were identified as having hallucinogenic effects belong to three species, namely, H. muticus L., D. stramonium L., and M. fragrans L. These results are in accordance with the well-established result of toxicological studies showing hallucination symptoms appearing following ingestion of high doses of H. muticus and D. stramonium L. [46,47].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants with hallucinogenic effect and plants used against pain, inflammatory diseases, diabetes and urinary lithiasis in Zagora Morocco.

Boufous¹,

Marhoume²,

Chait³

et al. 2017

J Intercult Ethnopharmacol

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Aim:The aim of this study was to identify different plants used in folk medicine for treating pain, inflammatory diseases, diabetes and kidney stones by the population of Zagora province, in Southeastern of Morocco. This investigation was undertaken during more than 2 years started in 2013 and ended in 2015. Materials and Methods: A total of 1400 person with different ages between 20 and 80 years, in 12 areas, was included in this survey; 348 were diabetics, 292 were suffering from kidney stones and 760 healthy. Data collected was separated in two parts. The first part concerned interviewee information's (age, sex, and level of education) and the second part was designed for plants uses (vernacular names, uses, parts used, and mode of preparation). Use value (UV), fidelity level and family UV (FUV) were calculated. Results: We inventoried 83 plants species belonging to 40 families that were used. Ranunculaceae family showed the highest significance (FUV = 0.36). Six species with the highest UV were Zygophyllum gaetulum L. We identified 50 species used for treating or managing pain, 45 for diabetes, 19 for kidney stone, 7 for treating inflammatory diseases, and only 3 species that were recognized with hallucinogenic effects. Conclusions: This study shows that folk medicine in Zagora still occupies a high level in primary health care. Data collected may help to preserve knowledge about different plants used and their mode of preparation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants with hallucinogenic effect and plants used against pain, inflammatory diseases, diabetes and urinary lithiasis in Zagora Morocco.

Boufous¹,

Marhoume²,

Chait³

et al. 2017

J Intercult Ethnopharmacol

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“…Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http:// www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions Introduction Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced by plants of several families, most notably from Solanaceae that comprise inter alia the genera Datura (thorn apple), Atropa (deadly nightshade), Hyoscyamus (henbane), Mandragora (mandrake), and Scopolia. TAs are found in all parts of the plants and are responsible for the toxic effects (EFSA 2013;Adamse et al 2014). The group of TAs today encompasses more than 200 compounds and the wide range arises from the esterification of the base compound tropanol with a variety of acids, most importantly with tropic acid.…”

Section: Please Scroll Down For Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and inter-laboratory validation of a dipstick immunoassay for the detection of tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine in animal feed

Mulder

Holst

Nivarlet³

et al. 2014

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced by plants of, inter alia, the genera Datura (thorn apple) and Atropa (deadly nightshade). The most relevant TAs are (-)-L-hyoscyamine and (-)-L-scopolamine, which act as antagonists of acetylcholine muscarinic receptors and can induce a variety of distinct toxic syndromes in mammals (anti-cholinergic poisoning). The European Union has regulated the presence of seeds of Datura sp. in animal feeds, specifying that the content should not exceed 1000 mg kg(-1) (Directive 2002/32/EC). For materials that have not been ground, visual screening methods are often used to comply with these regulations, but these cannot be used for ground materials and compound feeds. Immunological assays, preferably in dipstick format, can be a simple and cost-effective approach to monitor feedstuffs in an HACCP setting in control laboratories. So far no reports have been published on immunoassays that are capable of detecting both hyoscyamine and scopolamine with equal sensitivity and that can be used, preferably in dipstick format, for application as a fast screening tool in feed analysis. This study presents the results obtained for the in-house and inter-laboratory validation of a dipstick immunoassay for the detection of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in animal feed. The target level was set at 800 µg kg(-1) for the sum of both alkaloids. By using a representative set of compound feeds during validation and a robust study design, a reliable impression of the relevant characteristics of the assay could be obtained. The dipstick test displayed similar sensitivity towards the two alkaloids and it could be concluded that the test has a very low probability of producing a false-positive result at blank level or a false-negative result at target level. The assay can be used for monitoring of TAs in feedstuffs, but has also potential as a quick screening tool in food- or feed-related poisonings.

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“…A report from Adamse and van Egmond (2010) clearly points to contamination with seeds from D. stramonium (Jimson weed or thorn apple) as the most common problem. However, also seeds from other Datura spp.…”

Section: Species Of Relevance For Food and Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, also seeds from other Datura spp. as well as berries of Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade) (Adamse and van Egmond, 2010) and seeds of Hyoscyamus niger (henbane) have been reported as impurities in food (see Section 4.1). For feed materials, five sources of TA contamination were identified by van Kempen (1992), namely D. stramonium, D. ferox, D. metel, D. wrightii and D. inoxia, of which only the first two mentioned species were estimated to occur in relevant quantities in feed materials imported to Europe (Bucher and Meszaros, 1989 (Berkov and Zayed, 2004;Berkov et al, 2006;Doncheva et al, 2006;Philipov et al, 2007).…”

Section: Species Of Relevance For Food and Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on Tropane alkaloids in food and feed

2013

EFS2

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The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks to human and animal health related to the presence of tropane alkaloids (TAs) in food and feed. TAs are secondary metabolites which occur in several plant families. Although more than 200 different TAs have been identified in various plants, respective data on toxicity and occurrence in food and feed are limited. Therefore, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) could only perform a risk assessment on (-)-hyoscyamine and (-)-scopolamine, the two TAs for which occurrence and toxicity data were available. Since the pharmacological effects of (-)-hyoscyamine and (-)-scopolamine occur within a short time after administration, the CONTAM Panel concluded that it was appropriate to establish an Acute Reference Dose (ARfD) for these substances. Based on the results for decreased heart rate in a human volunteer study, the CONTAM Panel established a group ARfD of 0.016 µg/kg body weight (b.w.) expressed as the sum of (-)-hyoscyamine and (-)-scopolamine, assuming equivalent potency. Results on TAs in 124 food and 611 feed samples were collected in two Member States. Most of the food and feed samples were left-censored (below limit of detection/limit of quantification). A reliable exposure estimate was only possible for one food and one age class (toddlers). Based on the limited information, the CONTAM Panel concluded that the dietary exposure of toddlers could be up to seven times the group ARfD and could exceed the group ARfD on approximately 11 to 18 % of consumption days. TA toxicosis in livestock and companion animals is relatively rare. © European SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks to human and animal health related to the presence of tropane alkaloids (TA) in food and feed.TAs are secondary metabolites which naturally occur in plants of several families including Brassicaceae, Solanaceae (e.g. mandrake, henbane, deadly nightshade, Jimson weed) and Erythroxylaceae (including coca). The TAs are found in all parts of the plants and are responsible for the toxic effects of some of these plants. TAs contain an azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring structure. The common structural element is the tropane skeleton, (1R,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane. The group of TAs comprises more than 200 compounds and the wide range of compounds occurring especially in the Solanaceae family arises from the esterification of tropine with a variety of acids, such as acetic acid, propanoic acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, tiglic acid, (+)-α-hydroxy-β-phenylpropionic acid, tropic acid, and atropic acid.Although more than 200 different TAs were so far identified in various plants, respective data on their occurrence in food and feed and on toxicity are limited. The most studied TAs are (-)-hyoscyamine and (-)-scopolamine, which in contrast to the (+...

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Tropane alkaloids in food: poisoning incidents

Abstract: Other TAs are known stimulants, such as cocaine and cocaine-related alkaloids. These will not be discussed in this review as these compounds are drugs of abuse and not related to food.

Cited by 77 publications

References 40 publications

Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants with hallucinogenic effect and plants used against pain, inflammatory diseases, diabetes and urinary lithiasis in Zagora Morocco.

Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants with hallucinogenic effect and plants used against pain, inflammatory diseases, diabetes and urinary lithiasis in Zagora Morocco.

Intra- and inter-laboratory validation of a dipstick immunoassay for the detection of tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine in animal feed

Scientific Opinion on Tropane alkaloids in food and feed

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Tropane alkaloids in food: poisoning incidents

Abstract: Other TAs are known stimulants, such as cocaine and cocaine-related alkaloids. These will not be discussed in this review as these compounds are drugs of abuse and not related to food.

Cited by 77 publications

References 40 publications

Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants with hallucinogenic effect and plants used against pain, inflammatory diseases, diabetes and urinary lithiasis in Zagora Morocco.

Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants with hallucinogenic effect and plants used against pain, inflammatory diseases, diabetes and urinary lithiasis in Zagora Morocco.

Intra- and inter-laboratory validation of a dipstick immunoassay for the detection of tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine in animal feed

Scientific Opinion on Tropane alkaloids in food and feed

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Product

Resources

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Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants with hallucinogenic effect and plants used against pain, inflammatory diseases, diabetes and urinary lithiasis in Zagora Morocco.

Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants with hallucinogenic effect and plants used against pain, inflammatory diseases, diabetes and urinary lithiasis in Zagora Morocco.