The flow patterns produced by two dual mixing systems composed of independently driven impellers were studied. The dual impellers included a turbine rotating at high speed (Rushton or Smith) and a slowly rotating helical ribbon agitator (HR). Visualizations and power input were used to evaluate mixing performance. The influence of the rotational speed ratio on the flow patterns was evaluated. For high shear‐thinning fluids, NT/NHR modifies the flow patterns considerably. Three typical behaviors were found with shear thinning fluids: segregation of two principal flow patterns (NT/NHR < 10), turbine dominance (NT/NHR > 10), and a well‐distributed flow pattern throughout the tank (NT/NHR = 10). For low‐viscosity fluids, the motionless HR reduced the vortex length and the T‐HR systems eliminated vortex when the impellers rotated in opposite directions at NT/NHR = 10. Finally, a relationship between the dimensionless vortex length and the Froude number is proposed for individual turbines as well as for the turbine‐motionless HR systems.
The flow patterns produced by two dual mixing systems composed of independently driven impellers were studied. The dual impellers included a turbine rotating at high speed (Rushton or Smith) and a slowly rotating helical ribbon agitator (HR). Visualizations and power input were used to evaluate mixing performance. The influence of the rotational speed ratio on the flow patterns was evaluated. For high shear‐thinning fluids, NT/NHR modifies the flow patterns considerably. Three typical behaviors were found with shear thinning fluids: segregation of two principal flow patterns (NT/NHR < 10), turbine dominance (NT/NHR > 10), and a well‐distributed flow pattern throughout the tank (NT/NHR = 10). For low‐viscosity fluids, the motionless HR reduced the vortex length and the T‐HR systems eliminated vortex when the impellers rotated in opposite directions at NT/NHR = 10. Finally, a relationship between the dimensionless vortex length and the Froude number is proposed for individual turbines as well as for the turbine‐motionless HR systems.
Although vortex formation is usually an undesirable phenomenon in the process industry, satisfactory process conditions and results can also be obtained in unbaffled agitated vessels in the presence of a vortex. This fact and especially the low power requirements in these systems, with their immediate relevance to the energy problem in the process industry, show the true importance of vortex formation in agitated vessels. This article reviews the literature results and the correlations proposed for the prediction of vortex depth in unbaffled agitated vessels with various types of single and multiple impeller systems and presents a critical discussion on the basis of a theoretical analysis.
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