Triticale in Commercial Agriculture: Progress and Promise

Skovmand, B.; Fox, P. N.; Villareal, R. L.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60450-2

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…First, CIMMYT's selection strategy placed more emphasis on test weight than yield during the period considered in this study . This occurred because yield levels seldom limited the acceptance of triticale by farmers from the 1970s onwards, while low test weights retarded the crop's entrance into commercial agriculture (Skovmand et al, 1984). Second, as mentioned above, test weight is a more environmentally stable character for which efficient selection is less likely to be confounded by genotype x environment interaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two distinct types of hexaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) have been grown commercially in recent years (Skovmand et al, 1984). These are complete triticales, which have all seven pairs of chromosomes from rye (S. cereale L.), and substituted triticales, having rye chromosomes replaced with D-genome chromosomes from hexaploid wheat (I: aestivum L.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yield and adaptation of hexaploid spring triticale

et al. 1990

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Gains in yield and stability were analysed using grain yield data from the 8th to the 14th International Triticale Yield Nursery (ITYN) and differences in adaptation between complete and substituted triticales (X Triticosecale Wittmack) were examined. A trend of improving yield and adaptation was observed. As highly significant genotype x site interaction each year was not adequately described using regression analysis, yield stability was examined by ranking genotypes within sites and summarizing scores for individual genotypes across sites. Cluster analysis was used to study the relationships among sites and among genotypes. There was little evidence of sites grouping on a geographical basis. Grouping of genotypes showed a tendency for complete and substituted triticales to perform differently, suggesting that diversity for adaptation is maximized by utilizing both types in breeding.Progress for grain yield is compared with more spectacular gains in test weight and reasons for the different rates of improvement are postulated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and adaptation of hexaploid spring triticale

et al. 1990

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“…In attempting to develop perennial triticales, breeders can take lessons from development of the annual crop (Skovmand et al, 1984;Horlein and Valentine, 1995). Primary triticales, i.e., newly doubled wheat/rye hybrids, inevitably suffer from sterility, seed shrivelling, lodging, and low yield potential.…”

Section: Triticalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decades of intense selection and introgression have resulted in triticales that are cytologically stable and improved for all of these traits, but they stand on a narrow germplasm base. Improving the performance and genetic variability of the triticale gene pool can be accomplished by several means: production of new primary triticales; triticale/wheat crosses; triticale/rye crosses; and crosses between hexaploid and tetraploid triticales (Skovmand et al, 1984).…”

Section: Triticalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such a situation, new germplasm can be brought into the breeding pool only by repeated interspecific hybridization. The human-made species triticale is an example of an annual crop developed through interspecific hybridization that has always been hampered by a restricted gene pool (Skovmand et al, 1984).…”

Section: Establishing Gene Pools a Widening Genetic Bottlenecksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breeding Perennial Grain Crops

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Picone

et al. 2002

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Abstract:One-third of the planet's arable land has been lost to soil erosion in recent decades, and the pace of this degradation will increase as the limits of our food-production capacity are stretched. The persistent problem of worldwide soil erosion has rekindled interest in perennial grain crops. All of our current grain crops are annuals; therefore, developing an array of new perennial grains -grasses, legumes, and others -will require a long-term commitment. Fortunately, many perennial species can be hybridized with related annual crops, allowing us to incorporate genes of domestication much more quickly than did our ancestors who first selected the genes. Some grain crops -including rye, rice, and sorghum -can be hybridized with close perennial relatives to establish new gene pools. Others, such as wheat, oat, maize, soybean, and sunflower, must be hybridized with more distantly related perennial species and genera. Finally, some perennial species with relatively high grain yields -intermediate wheatgrass, wildrye, lymegrass, eastern gamagrass, Indian ricegrass, Illinois bundleflower, Maximilian sunflower, and probably others -are candidates for direct domestication without interspecific hybridization. To ensure diversity in the field and foster further genetic improvement, breeders will need to develop deep gene pools for each crop. Discussions of breeding strategies for perennial grains have concentrated on allocation of photosynthetic resources between seeds and vegetative structures. But perennials will likely be grown in more diverse agro-ecosystems and require arrays of traits very different from those usually addressed by breeders of annuals. The only way to address concerns about the feasibility of perennial grains is to carry out breeding programs with adequate resources on a sufficient time scale. A massive program for breeding perennial grains could be funded by diversion of a relatively small fraction of the world's agricultural research budget.

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