Triticale: A “New” Crop with Old Challenges

Mohamed, Maryati; Singh, Priya; Peña, Roberto J.; Río, Alejandro J. Lozano-del; Cooper, K. V.; Salmon, D. F.; Macpherson, H. G.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-72297-9_9

Cited by 60 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In recent years, triticale has received attention as a potential energy crop, and research is currently being conducted on the use of the crops' biomass in bioethanol production. Interest in triticale has developed around two areas of potential use for the grain and its use as forage crop (Mergoum et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio fertilizers and zinc effects on some physiological parameters of triticale under water-limitation condition

Arough

Sharifi

2016

Journal of Plant Interactions

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In order to study bio fertilizers and zinc effects on some physiological parameters of triticale under a water-limitation condition, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014 and 2015. Experimental factors consisted of three irrigation treatments [normal irrigation (W 0 ); moderate water limitation (W 1 ) and severe water limitation (W 2 )]; four bio fertilizers' levels [(no bio fertilizer (F 0 ), application of mycorrhiza (F 1 ), plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (F 2 ) and both application PGPR and mycorrhiza (F 3 )] and four nano zinc oxide levels [(without nano zinc oxide (Zn 0 ) as control, application of 0.3 (Zn 1 ), 0.6 (Zn 2 ) and 0.9 (Zn 3 ) g L −1 )]. Results showed that water limitation decreased chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance, quantum yield and grain yield of triticale, whereas electrical conductivity and the activity of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO, EC 1.14.18.1) enzymes were increased. Inoculation of plants with bio fertilizers and zinc application improved these traits (except electrical conductivity) under water-limitation condition as well as normal irrigation. Based on the results, it was concluded that bio fertilizers and nano zinc oxide application can be recommended for profitable triticale production under water-limitation condition.ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio fertilizers and zinc effects on some physiological parameters of triticale under water-limitation condition

Arough

Sharifi

2016

Journal of Plant Interactions

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“…130 years ago from a cross between wheat and rye, with the first cultivars useful for breeders available in the 1960s (Mergoum et al 2009). It exhibits high yield potential, grain quality, resistance to pathogens, favourable amino acid composition and adaptation to adverse conditions (Heger and Eggum 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA methylation changes in triticale due to in vitro culture plant regeneration and consecutive reproduction

Machczyńska

Orłowska

Mańkowski

et al. 2014

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Doubled haploids of triticale are of interest for plant breeders due to hybrid breeding programs based on cytoplasmic male sterility Tt phenomenon. However, (epi)mutations appearing during in vitro culture regeneration may lead to a phenotypic variation that makes the uniformity of plant materials questionable. Using RP-HPLC genomic DNA methylation of donor doubled haploid plants utilized as a source of tissues for the in vitro regeneration (via androgenesis and somatic embryogenesis) of triticale cv. Bogo and their consecutive generative progeny was evaluated. It was demonstrated that in vitro cultures induced a decrease of the DNA methylation of the regenerants independently of the approach used for plant regeneration. The decrease in DNA methylation of genomic DNA proceeded up to the first/second successive generations followed by the beginning of its reestablishment. Moreover, somatic embryogenesis resulted in a higher level of genomic DNA demethylation in regenerants than androgenesis and the process of methylation seems to be affected by donor plant. It is being speculated that long term changes in genomic DNA methylation may be a source of off-type individuals that may spontaneously arise during plant breeding.

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“…The creation of new crop species has now been shown to drive the rapid speciation of new crop pathogens. For example, the cereal crop triticale is a human-generated hybrid of wheat and rye that has been cultivated in Europe only since the 1960s [47]. A major new disease of triticale is powdery mildew caused by the ascomycete fungus Blumeria graminis.…”

Section: Example 2: Hybridization Of Crop Plants Driving Hybrid Specimentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid emergence of pathogens in agro-ecosystems: global threats to agricultural sustainability and food security

McDonald

Stukenbrock

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

259

199

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Agricultural ecosystems are composed of genetically depauperate populations of crop plants grown at a high density and over large spatial scales, with the regional composition of crop species changing little from year to year. These environments are highly conducive for the emergence and dissemination of pathogens. The uniform host populations facilitate the specialization of pathogens to particular crop cultivars and allow the build-up of large population sizes. Population genetic and genomic studies have shed light on the evolutionary mechanisms underlying speciation processes, adaptive evolution and long-distance dispersal of highly damaging pathogens in agro-ecosystems. These studies document the speed with which pathogens evolve to overcome crop resistance genes and pesticides. They also show that crop pathogens can be disseminated very quickly across and among continents through human activities. In this review, we discuss how the peculiar architecture of agro-ecosystems facilitates pathogen emergence, evolution and dispersal. We present four example pathosystems that illustrate both pathogen specialization and pathogen speciation, including different time frames for emergence and different mechanisms underlying the emergence process. Lastly, we argue for a re-design of agro-ecosystems that embraces the concept of dynamic diversity to improve their resilience to pathogens. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.

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Triticale: A “New” Crop with Old Challenges

Cited by 60 publications

References 19 publications

Bio fertilizers and zinc effects on some physiological parameters of triticale under water-limitation condition

Bio fertilizers and zinc effects on some physiological parameters of triticale under water-limitation condition

DNA methylation changes in triticale due to in vitro culture plant regeneration and consecutive reproduction

Rapid emergence of pathogens in agro-ecosystems: global threats to agricultural sustainability and food security

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