Triterpene-Rich Supercritical CO2 Extracts from Apple By-product Protect Human Keratinocytes Against ROS

Armada, Rocío De la Peña; Bronze, Maria Rosário; Matias, Ana A.; Mateos‐Aparicio, Inmaculada

doi:10.1007/s11947-021-02615-0

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Minor components (0.027–0.26 mg·g –1 ) are lupeol, α-amyrin, betulin and erythrodiol. The presence of most components in apples has been previously reported [ 27 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. However, the papers [ 37 , 38 ] reported only the sum content of the erythrodiol and uvaol, since it was not possible to separate this pair of substances.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Quantification of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Plant Extracts

et al. 2022

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Pentacyclic triterpenoids (PCTs) are a widely distributed class of plant secondary metabolites. These compounds have high bioactive properties, primarily antitumor and antioxidant activity. In this study, a method was developed for the quantitative analysis of pentacyclic triterpenoids in plants using supercritical fluid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS). Separation of ten major PCTs (friedelin, lupeol, β-amyrin, α-amyrin, betulin, erythrodiol, uvaol, betulinic, oleanolic and ursolic acids) was studied on six silica-based reversed stationary phases. The best results (7 min analysis time in isocratic elution mode) were achieved on an HSS C18 SB stationary phase using carbon dioxide—isopropanol (8%) mobile phase providing decisive contribution of polar interactions to the retention of analytes. It was shown that the use of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is preferred over atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). The combination of SFC with APCI-MS/MS mass spectrometry made it possible to achieve the limits of quantification in plant extracts in the range of 2.3–20 μg·L−1. The developed method was validated and tested in the analyses of birch outer layer (Betula pendula) bark, and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root, as well as lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos), apple (Malus domestica “Golden Delicious” and Malus domestica “Red Delicious”) peels.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Quantification of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Plant Extracts

et al. 2022

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“…Much lower TPC was obtained for the freeze-dried extract obtained using the Soxhlet and boiling water maceration methods, with 4.13 ± 0.90 and 2.37 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g of extract obtained, respectively [ 76 ]. The optimal conditions for the SFE apple pomace extraction process were also investigated in the work of De la Peña Armada et al [ 77 ]. The results of their research indicated that the optimal conditions for the SFE process could be established at a temperature of 46 °C and a pressure of 425 bar.…”

Section: The Recovery From Apple Pomace Extraction For the Building A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under these conditions, the obtained extracts were characterised by the highest concentration of triterpenic acids (betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, uvaol, erythrodiol and lupeol) and the highest antioxidant activity tested by means of the ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) assay (609.17 ± 96.11 μmol TE (Trolox equivalent)/g extract). For comparison, the extract obtained using the Soxhlet method showed a lower antioxidant capacity (ORAC: 565.95 ± 60.66 μmol TE/g extract) [ 77 ].…”

Section: The Recovery From Apple Pomace Extraction For the Building A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Use of Apple Pomace (AP) in Different Industrial Sectors

2022

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In many countries, apple pomace (AP) is one of the most produced types of agri-food waste (globally, it is produced at a rate of ~4 million tons/year). If not managed properly, such bio-organic waste can cause serious pollution of the natural environment and public health hazards, mainly due to the risk of microbial contamination. This review shows that AP can be successfully reused in different industrial sectors—for example, as a source of energy and bio-materials—according to the idea of sustainable development. The recovered active compounds from AP can be applied as preservatives, antioxidants, anti-corrosion agents, wood protectors or biopolymers. Raw or processed forms of AP can also be considered as feedstocks for various bioenergy applications such as the production of intermediate bioenergy carriers (e.g., biogas and pyrolysis oil), and materials (e.g., biochar and activated carbon). In the future, AP and its active ingredients can be of great use due to their non-toxicity, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Given the increasing mass of produced AP, the commercial applications of AP could have a huge economic impact in the future.

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“…Regarding the proximate composition of apple by-product ( Table 1 ), the main element, overall, is dietary fibre, followed by non-fibrous carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and ashes. Apple by-product has been recognised as a health-promoting ingredient by numerous authors ( Table 2 ) and due to its composition, it has been determined as a potential source of bioactive compounds, such as dietary fibre, and also phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, or fatty acids ( Figure 3 ) [ 24 , 30 , 35 ]. Polyphenolic antioxidants in apples are predominantly located in the skin, thus, most polyphenols persist in the apple pomace [ 30 ].…”

Section: Apple By-productmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding fatty acids, recent studies have verified the presence of unsaturated fatty acids in the apple seed and apple peel. Particularly, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids have been described as the main components of this lipid fraction [ 35 , 41 ]. The contribution of the fatty acids to the potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative capacities of apple seed oil has been proved [ 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Apple By-productmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Approaches Using Green Technologies for Apple By-Product Valorisation as A New Perspective into the History of the Apple

Peña-Armada

Mateos‐Aparicio

2022

Molecules

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The apple has been recognised as the most culturally important fruit crop in temperate land areas. Centuries of human exploitation and development led to the production of thousands of apple cultivars. Nowadays, the apple represents the third most widely cultivated fruit in the world. About 30% of the total production of apples is processed, being juice and cider the main resulting products. Regarding this procedure, a large quantity of apple by-product is generated, which tends to be undervalued, and commonly remains underutilised, landfilled, or incinerated. However, apple by-product is a proven source of bioactive compounds, namely dietary fibre, fatty acids, triterpenes, or polyphenols. Therefore, the application of green technologies should be considered in order to improve the functionality of apple by-product while promoting its use as the raw material of a novel product line. The present work provides a holistic view of the apple’s historical evolution, characterises apple by-product, and reviews the application of green technologies for improving its functionality. These sustainable procedures can enable the transformation of this perishable material into a novel ingredient opening up new prospects for the apple’s potential use and consumption.

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Triterpene-Rich Supercritical CO2 Extracts from Apple By-product Protect Human Keratinocytes Against ROS

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Quantification of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Plant Extracts

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Quantification of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Plant Extracts

Sustainable Use of Apple Pomace (AP) in Different Industrial Sectors

Sustainable Approaches Using Green Technologies for Apple By-Product Valorisation as A New Perspective into the History of the Apple

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