Tris(2,3-Dibromopropyl) Phosphate: Mutagenicity of a Widely Used Flame Retardant

Prival, Michael J.; McCoy, Elena C.; Gutter, Bezalel; Rosendranz, Herbert S.

doi:10.1126/science.318761

Cited by 156 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It induced mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA100 and TA 104 in the presence and absence of metabolic activation, with higher mutagenic activity observed in the presence of metabolic activation (Blum and Ames, 1977;Carr and Rosenkranz, 1978;Lynn, et al, 1982;Prival et al, 1977;Salamone and Katz, 1981;as cited by NICNAS, 2005;Vanbeerendonk et al, 1994). TDBPP was negative in strains TA 1537 and TA1538 in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (Carr and Rosenkranz, 1978;Blum and Ames, 1977;Prival et al, 1977, as cited by NICNAS, 2005. In another study, TDBPP has been reported to be mutagenic in S. typhiumurium TA98 and TA100 in the presence, but not in the absence of metabolic activation (Kubo et al, 2002).…”

Section: Hazard Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

2012

EFS2

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EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on brominated flame retardants (BFRs) other than PBDEs, PBBs, HBCDDs, TBBPA and brominated phenols and their derivatives. The BFRs that are the subject of the current opinion, were classified in groups termed "emerging" and "novel" BFRs. Information on 17 emerging and 10 novel BFRs was collected. The information varied widely for these BFRs. There is a lack of experimental data on physico-chemical characteristics, stability/reactivity and current use and production volume of all the emerging and novel BFRs. Due to the very limited information on occurrence, exposure and toxicity, the CONTAM Panel could not perform a risk characterisation for any of the BFRs considered. Instead, an attempt was made to identify those BFRs that could be a potential health concern and should be considered first for future investigations. For this purpose the Panel first evaluated the available experimental data on occurrence in food, behaviour in the environment and toxicity. Secondly, a modelling exercise was performed focussing on the potential of the emerging and novel BFRs for persistence in the environment and for their possible bioaccumulation potential. There is convincing evidence that tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TDBPP) and dibromoneopentyl glycol (DBNPG) are genotoxic and carcinogenic, warranting further surveillance of their occurrence in the environment and in food. Based on the limited experimental data on environmental behaviour, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) and hexabromobenzene (HBB) were identified as compounds that could raise a concern for bioaccumulation. For the modelling exercise, the CONTAM Panel selected two environmental characteristics, overall persistence and potential for bioaccumulation, as being most relevant to provide insight into the possibility that emerging or novel BFRs The less well known and less studied BFRs, subject of the current opinion, were grouped into two classes, referred to herein as "emerging" and "novel" BFRs. Emerging BFRs are defined as chemicals which are applied as flame retardants and that have been identified in any environmental compartment, in wildlife, in food or in humans. It should be noted that the definition for the emerging BFRs, used in this opinion, does not imply that there is evidence for an increasing trend in the concentration of these BFRs in the environment, in food or in human samples. Novel BFRs are defined as chemicals applied as flame retardants, with confirmed presence in materials and/or goods in concentrations above 0.1 %, but not identified in environmental samples, wildlife, food or humans. In total, information on 27 BFRs, of which 17 were identified as "emerging" and 10 as "novel", was collected by the CONTAM Panel, and it was noted that the available information varied widely for the various individual BFRs.In general, there is a lack of experimental data on physico-chemical characteristics and stability/reactivity for all the emerging and novel BFRs. This sometimes hampered ...

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Section: Hazard Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

2012

EFS2

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“…A) by Rosenkranz (1975). Prival et al (1977) reported DBCP to be a direct weak mutagen in Salmonella typhimurium (TA 1535) and Blum & Ames (1977) and others (Biles et al, 1979;Stolzenberg & Hine, 1979) presented data that DBCP was mutagenic with metabolic activation in Salmonella TA 100. Biles et al (1979) showed the influence of contaminants on the mutagenic activity of DBCP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Morphology of nasal-cavity tumours in rats after chronic inhalation of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane

Reznik¹,

Reznik-Schüller²,

Ward³

et al. 1980

Br J Cancer

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Summary.-Groups of 50 F344 rats of each sex were exposed to 0-6 or 3-0 pts/106 of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) by inhalation for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 103 weeks. Fifty rats of each sex inhaling filtered air were used as unexposed controls. All survivors were killed at 104 weeks. Up to 93 O of the male and female rats developed neoplasms of the nasal cavity. Most of the tumours were adenomas, squamous-cell papillomas, squamous-cell carcinomas, and adenocarcinomas. In the low-dose group 780, of the tumours in males and 66% in females were benign, whereas in the high-dose groups 89% in males and 76% in females were malignant.Invasion through the cribriform plate into the cerebrum or metastasis to the regional lymph nodes was found in 730% of the carcinomas in males and 51% in females.Electron-microscopic examination suggested that the basal cells of the olfactory epithelium were the site of origin of the poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas.

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“…The biological properties of Tris-BP as well as its mutagenicity and carcinogenicity have been previously reported [Blum and Ames, 1977;Prival et al, 1977;NCI Carcinogenesis Technical Report, 19781.…”

Section: Ntro D Uctlo Nmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Attention has recently been given to Tris-BP metabolites, with the result that a number of presumed and confirmed metabolites and analogs have been tested and shown to be mutagenic [Prival et al, 1977;Carr and Rosenkranz, 1978;Nakamura et al, 1979;Soderlund et al, 1979;Stolzenberg and Hine, 19801. Additionally, a major mutagenic metabolite, 2,3-dibromopropanol, has been identified in the urine of children exposed to Tris-BP-treated sleepwear [Blum et al, 19781. This study was undertaken to determine the mutagenicity of a group of methylated Tris-BP metabolites.…”

Section: Ntro D Uctlo Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure‐activity studies on the mutagenicity of tris(2,3‐dibromopropyl) phosphate (tris‐BP) and its metabolites in salmonella

Zeiger¹,

Pagano²,

Nomeir³

1982

Environ. mutagen

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A series of methylated metabolites of the flame retardant tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (Tris-BP) were tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella, along with the parent chemical and other structurally related chemicals. The metabolites produced a gradient of mutagenic responses in TA1535 in the same dose range and up to the same magnitude as the Tris-BP response. None of the metabolites tested appeared to be the ultimate mutagen, since they all required S-9 for their mutagenic activity.

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Tris(2,3-Dibromopropyl) Phosphate: Mutagenicity of a Widely Used Flame Retardant

Abstract: Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, a widely used flame-retardant additive for textiles, is mutagenic to histidine-requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Extracts of fabrics treated with this compound are also capable of inducing mutations in these bacterial strains.

Cited by 156 publications

References 11 publications

Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

Morphology of nasal-cavity tumours in rats after chronic inhalation of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane

Structure‐activity studies on the mutagenicity of tris(2,3‐dibromopropyl) phosphate (tris‐BP) and its metabolites in salmonella

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