Tripped at the Finishing Line: The Åland Islands Internet Voting Project

Internet voting in Estonia 2005–2019: Evidence from eleven elections

“…While some European countries, such as Lithuania, are planning to roll out i-voting systems for overseas voters (LRT English, 2020), others, such as Finland, remain skeptical of i-voting, as working groups convened by governments argue that the risks outweigh the benefits (Finnish, 2017). The small autonomous Finnish islands of Åland scrapped their plans for using i-voting in their local elections due to security reasons only a couple of days before their election period (Duenas-Cid et al, 2020;Krimmer et al, 2019).…”

“…Yet, despite the numerous advantages of Internet voting (i-voting) including improved accessibility, convenience, speed, and reduced cost, voting in most countries remains a staunchly analogue affair. In fact, several countries have recently halted or abandoned trials of Internet voting systems (BBC, 2014;Duenas-Cid et al, 2020;Kuenzi, 2019;Reuters, 2017), and widespread concerns about the integrity and security of any form of electronic voting have amplified calls to rely on nothing but tried-andtrue paper ballots.…”

Why Do Innovations Fail? Lessons Learned from a Digital Democratic Innovation

“…According to Smith (2019c, p. 14): "Assuming that a single participatory design can deal with a range of different tasks may overload and confuse participants or open up opportunities for manipulation as different tasks are played off against each other". A study (Duenas-Cid et al, 2020) focusing on electronic voting systems development uses Sauer's (1993) model to explain the failure of the internet voting system on the Åland Islands in Finland. In this study, the evaluation departs from four dimensions: the technological, the legal, the political, and the social dimension (Duenas-Cid et al, 2020).…”

“…A study (Duenas-Cid et al, 2020) focusing on electronic voting systems development uses Sauer's (1993) model to explain the failure of the internet voting system on the Åland Islands in Finland. In this study, the evaluation departs from four dimensions: the technological, the legal, the political, and the social dimension (Duenas-Cid et al, 2020). In the Åland example, the problem was mainly the interaction within the project organization, causing a delay in crucial time schedules, namely a process failure (Nam, 2012).…”

Analysis of Blockchain Solutions for E-Voting: A Systematic Literature Review

“…The process remains, like paper voting, very complicated to verify and audit for a citizen who has no control over the voting system. To overcome these problems, blockchain appears to be a promising technology [2]- [4].…”