Internet voting in Estonia 2005–2019: Evidence from eleven elections

Ehin, Piret; Solvak, Mihkel; Willemson, Jan; Vinkel, Priit

doi:10.1016/j.giq.2022.101718

Cited by 33 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Parliamentary elections, and four nationwide local elections between 2005 and 2019 (Ehin et al 2022). Also, the country's voting system has been robustly studied and analysed, examining themes such as efficiency, transparency, security, and auditability (Nurse et al 2017;Heiberg et al 2011, September).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2022

JAE

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Journal of African Elections is an interdisciplinary biannual publication of research and writing in the human sciences, which seeks to promote a scholarly understanding of developments and change in Africa. Responsibility for opinions expressed and for the accuracy of facts published in papers, research notes, review articles and book reviews rests solely with the individual authors or reviewers. Contributions are referred to specialist readers for consideration, but the Editor is responsible for the final selection of the contents of the Journal.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2022

JAE

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“…i-voting: Estonia is the first country to introduce online voting in national elections since 2005 [4], using an electronic ID chip [5].This identity generated SHA1/SHA2 signatures and was used to identify citizens. The voter would have to download the app, authenticate, and then the voting process would follow.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

EtherVote: A Secure Smart Contract-based e-Voting System

Spanos,

Kantzavelou

2024

Preprint

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Conventional electing procedures cannot fulfill advanced requirements in modern times. Secure electronic voting systems have been a concern of many researchers for years to replace traditional practices. Decentralized approaches, such as Blockchain technology, are essential to provide compulsory guarantees for secure voting platforms, that hold the properties of transparency, immutability, and confidentiality. This paper presents EtherVote, a secure decentralized electronic voting system, which is based on the Ethereum Blockchain network. The EtherVote is a serverless e-voting model, relying solely on Ethereum and smart contracts, that does not include a database, and thus it enhances security and privacy. The model incorporates an effective method for voter registration and identification to strengthen security. The main properties of EtherVote include encrypted votes, efficiency in handling elections with numerous participants, and simplicity. The system is tested and evaluated, vulnerabilities and possible attacks are exposed through a security analysis, and anonymity, integrity, and unlinkability are retained.

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“…In turn, voters can verify the inclusion of their votes in the final tally, and the entire voting process becomes subject to audit, as illustrated in Figure 3. Nevertheless, this voting system has been hard to use in some countries because the infrastructure needed to be better, and the electoral staff required more skilled professionals to use these systems effectively [52][53][54]. In turn, there were challenges in its utilization in terms of a lack of legal base, low ICTs skills, a lack of talented blockchain staff, and intentional challenges like booth capturing and rigging, ballot stuffing, and other purposely performed frauds by the election commission [37].…”

Section: Blockchain-based E-votingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All e-voting systems endeavor to strengthen integrity, transparency, privacy, accuracy, and fairness in society. Most of these blockchain e-voting systems are established by private or government organizations, and most of them have brought excellent outcomes, provided fair election results, and decreased election expenditures.Nevertheless, this voting system has been hard to use in some countries because the infrastructure needed to be better, and the electoral staff required more skilled professionals to use these systems effectively[52][53][54]. In turn, there were challenges in its utilization in terms of a lack of legal base, low ICTs skills, a lack of talented blockchain staff, and intentional challenges like booth capturing and rigging, ballot stuffing, and other purposely…”

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confidence: 99%

Citizens’ Perception of Blockchain-Based E-Voting Systems: Focusing on TAM

Mannonov,

Myeong

2024

Sustainability

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Digital transformation and new technologies have made people’s lives easier and led to great results in most areas of business and society. Implementing blockchain technology is one of the best tools for establishing sustainable smart cities and societies. In terms of sustainable governance sophisticated and secure voting systems are necessary to achieve high integrity and transparency and null election fraud, and, in environmental sustainability, e-voting systems eliminate the mass waste of paper and transportation gas emissions; namely, e-voting systems are eco-friendly with high democratic outcomes. Blockchain technology can revolutionize e-voting by increasing the security and transparency of the voting process. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into blockchain-based e-voting systems further augments their effectiveness. AI algorithms can analyze voting patterns and detect irregularities, supporting the prevention of fraudulent activities and coercion. ML procedures can enhance voter authentication processes, improve accessibility for diverse demographics, and optimize the productivity of blockchain networks during peak voting periods. This study focuses on understanding citizen perceptions of blockchain-based e-voting in a smart city context using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The study’s results indicate that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are important factors in determining citizens’ intentions to use blockchain-based e-voting. Furthermore, trust in the technology and perceived security were found to influence the usefulness of blockchain-based e-voting positively. This study provides important insights for policymakers and technologists seeking to promote the adoption of blockchain-based e-voting systems in smart cities. The findings of the research supported the research model with positive results. In conclusion, our research model encourages the adoption of a blockchain-based e-voting system to enhance the future voting environment.

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Internet voting in Estonia 2005–2019: Evidence from eleven elections

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Untitled

Untitled

EtherVote: A Secure Smart Contract-based e-Voting System

Citizens’ Perception of Blockchain-Based E-Voting Systems: Focusing on TAM

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