Triple positivity of HBsAg, anti-HCV antibody, and HIV and their influence on CD4+ lymphocyte levels in the highly HIV infected population of Abeokuta, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Few studies exist on hospital-based seroprevalence of triple positivity of HIV/HBV/HCV in Nigeria. Objectives: The study aimed at determining the triple positivity of HIV, HBsAg and HCV among HIV-infected individuals in Abeokuta, Nigeria and defining the influence of these triple infections on CD4+ counts of HIV-infected individuals as antiretroviral therapy improves in Nigeria. Conclusion:The study further confirms that triple positivity of HIV/HBV/HCV infection is common in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Testing of these triple infections should be a big concern in the best choice and commencement of ART. Also, the study showed that consistent and prolonged use of HAART had a positive impact on the CD4 count of HIV-infected individuals.

Comparison of Demographic, Epidemiological, Immunological, and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with HIV Mono-infection Versus Patients Co-infected with HCV or/and HBV: A Serbian Cohort Study

“…Contrary to some previous studies [70,71] in our cohort HCV/HBV co-infection did not have a significant influence on the natural history of HIV infection. Our findings are in accordance with the study of Kallas E. et al who also showed that HBV/HCV co-infection does not significantly affect the number of CD4 lymphocytes in patients with HIV/HBV/HCV triple infection [72].…”

Epidemiology and Challenges of HBV/HIV Co-Infection Amongst HIV-Infected Patients in Endemic Areas: Review

“…20 Likewise, HIV infection increased the risk of rapid progression of liver-related disease in patients with chronic HBV infection. 5 , 20 , 25 , 26 The rate of acquiring chronic HBV infection among the HBV–HIV co-infected individuals and those infected with HBV alone is 25% and 4% respectively. 42 Unlike the above findings, one prospective study suggested HBV–HIV co-infected patients are less likely to develop liver disease progression than HBV mono-infected, particularly among those with non-AIDS stages.…”

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses, and HIV among Antenatal Pregnant Women in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

“…Hepatitis B virus and HCV infections are known to be the common cause of chronic hepatitis and leading causes of liver-related deaths [3,4]. Both HBV and HCV have been implicated in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [3][4][5][6], while HIV infection has been widely established to target and decrease the CD4 + cell, a glycoprotein found abundantly on the surfaces of regulatory T cells, T-helper cells, dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages [7].…”

“…About 3% of the world population is reported to be infected with HCV [3,4]. Many risk factors have been documented to be associated with single, double and triple co-infection of these viruses [1,5,7,9]. The natural causes of HBV and HCV infections show variability among individuals [11] and all three viruses have been identified to share common routes of transmission [7,11,12].…”

“…Many risk factors have been documented to be associated with single, double and triple co-infection of these viruses [1,5,7,9]. The natural causes of HBV and HCV infections show variability among individuals [11] and all three viruses have been identified to share common routes of transmission [7,11,12]. Some of the factors that predispose an individual to infection with these viruses are: transfusion of infected blood sample, tattooing, intravenous drug use, hemodialysis and abortion [1,7,11,12].…”