Epidemiology and Challenges of HBV/HIV Co-Infection Amongst HIV-Infected Patients in Endemic Areas: Review

Weldemhret, Letebrhan

doi:10.2147/hiv.s273649

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…HBV/HIV coinfection is a major cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and advanced HIV (AIDS). Also, in these patients, due to the decrease in the number of CD4 cells, the specific immune response to HBV is disrupted [ 16 ]. Our findings are confirmed by another study [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Iran, HIV-infected individuals are mainly diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease with a poor prognosis [ 14 ]. As a result, examining the factors associated with CD4 cell count and AHD at the time of diagnosis is essential for guidance in making screening strategies and clinical decisions [ 15 , 16 ]. Our better understanding of the HIV status at diagnosis has been shown to help in prolonging of life and potentially reducingthe risk of transmission of infection [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Associated with Baseline CD4 Cell Counts and Advanced HIV Disease among Male and Female HIV-Positive Patients in Iran: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Afrashteh

Fararouei

Ghaem

et al. 2022

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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Despite the recommendation for early diagnosis and rapid initiation of HIV treatment, more than half of patients are in an advanced stage of HIV disease in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the factors related to baseline CD4 cell count and advanced HIV disease (AHD) in Southern Iran. The study comprised all adults between 15 and 87 years of age who were newly diagnosed with HIV in Southern Iran. Linear and logistic regressions were used to identify baseline CD4 cell count predictors and AHD, respectively. A total of 820 (53.9%) HIV-infected individuals over 15 years of age were at the AHD stage. Based on the results of the multiple logistic regression, older age at diagnosis (OR≥40/<30 = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.38–5.19), gender (ORfemale/male = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.44–0.85), HIV/TB coinfection (ORyes/no = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.29–3.02), HIV/HBV coinfection (ORyes/no = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.07–2.38), and hemoglobin (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.85–0.92) were directly associated with AHD in HIV/AIDS patients. As suggested by a linear regression model, factors including gender (B Female = 44.12, 95% CI:17.86, 70.38), older age (B ≥ 40 = −111.99, 95% CI:−174.70, −49.27), higher education level (B = 35.65, 95% CI:5.34, 65.97), WHO clinical stage (BIV = −254.53, 95% CI−298.82, −210.24), and hemoglobin (B = 5.23, 95% CI:0.25, 10.20) were significantly associated with CD4 count.The prevalence of AHD in patients was high in Iran. Our results suggested that several demographic and clinical factors are significantly associated with the baseline CD4 cell count and AHD. Targeted HIV testing, implementation of screening programs for early detection, and access to care services to assure early ART are recommended to improve the clinical status and quality of life of the patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Baseline CD4 Cell Counts and Advanced HIV Disease among Male and Female HIV-Positive Patients in Iran: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Afrashteh

Fararouei

Ghaem

et al. 2022

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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“…Globally, it was reported that 36.70 million people are infected with HIV infection, 25.70 million people are infected with HBV infection, and 71.0 million people are infected with HCV. It was assessed that 2.30 million and 2.70 million people are infected with HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV co-infection due to the same mode of transmission [ 9 ]. In Tuscany, Italy, males gained 2.9 years, and females gained 2.6 years in life expectancy at birth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Association of Transfusion Transmitted Infections with ABO and Rh Blood Groups among Blood Donors in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A 7-Year Retrospective Analysis

et al. 2022

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This study was aimed at determining the prevalence estimate and association of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) with ABO and Rh blood groups among blood donors at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH & RC) in the western region of Saudi Arabia. A retrospective study was conducted at the blood bank center of KFSH and RC from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2019. Data on ABO and Rh blood group testing, serological testing, molecular investigations, serological assays, nucleic acid testing (NATs), and socio-demographic information were gathered. During the study period, there were 959,431 blood donors at the KFSH and RC. The overall 7-year cumulative prevalence estimate of blood transfusion-transmitted infections among blood donors was low at 7.93%, with an average prevalence estimate of 0.66%. Donors with the O blood group, the O RhD +ve blood group, in particular, were more at risk of developing TTIs, whereas donors with the AB blood group, the AB RhD −ve blood group, in particular, were at the lowest risk of developing TTIs. In total, 96.9% of the blood donors were males (n = 916,567). Almost half of the blood donors belong to the O blood group (49.4%). A total of 861,279 (91.0%) donors were found to be RhD positive. The percentages of TTIs were found to be higher in RhD +ve donors compared with RhD −ve donors. The prevalence estimate of the hemoglobin C (HbC) infection was the most common TTI among the blood donors being 3.97%, followed by malaria being 2.21%. The least prevalence estimate of TTI in the present study was for NAT HIV being 0.02%. Significant associations were observed between RhD +ve and RhD −ve among the malaria-infected donors (A: χ2 = 26.618, p = 0.001; AB: χ2 = 23.540, p = 0.001; B: χ2 = 5.419, p = 0.020; O: χ2 = 68.701, p = 0.001). The current 7-year retrospective study showed a low level of TTIs among blood donors. However, we urge that more research encompassing the entire country be conducted in order to obtain more representative results in terms of the prevalence estimate and association of transfusion-transmitted infections with ABO and Rh blood groups in communities.

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“…Because HIV and HBV share similar transmission routes, HIV coinfection with HBV is common; according to epidemiological investigations, an estimated 5%–6% of people in China are infected with HBV, 18 and approximately 8.7% of HIV patients are coinfected with HBV 19,20 . HIV coinfection with HBV accelerates the progression of HBV‐related liver diseases and significantly increases the mortality of HIV patients 21–23 . Therefore, it is crucial to decrease the risk of HBV infection in HIV patients, and HBV vaccination is the most effective means of preventing HBV infection and reducing mortality in HIV infection patients 24 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 HIV coinfection with HBV accelerates the progression of HBV-related liver diseases and significantly increases the mortality of HIV patients. [21][22][23] Therefore, it is crucial to decrease the risk of HBV infection in HIV patients, and HBV vaccination is the most effective means of preventing HBV infection and reducing mortality in HIV infection patients. 24 The efficacy of standard-dose hepatitis B vaccination in HIV patients has been reported in some countries, and the immune response ranges from 18% to 71%, 11 to increase immune response rates, double-dose or four-dose hepatitis B vaccination methods in HIV-positive populations have been recommended in several studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in human immunodeficiency virus‐positive patients in China: A 2‐year retrospective study

Deng

Feng

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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Currently, the studies focused on the immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in Chinese human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients are limited. In this study, the participants with an initial hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) titer <10 mIU/ml were assigned to Cohort 1 to receive a standard dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, and participants with an initial HBsAb titer between 10 and 100 mIU/ml were assigned to Cohort 2 to receive a single reinforced recombinant vaccine. In Cohort 1, the immune and high response rates in HIV‐positive patients were 93.4%/81.4%, 87.4%/51.5%, and 83.2%/40.7% at 1–3 months, 1 year, and 2 years postvaccination. Multivariate analysis showed that only age and HIV RNA status at baseline were independent factors related to sustained immune response at 2 years postvaccination. In Cohort 2, the high immune response rates in HIV‐positive patients were 78.8%, 60.6%, and 51.5% at 1–3 months, 1 year, and 2 years postvaccination. The immune or high response rates did not differ between HIV‐positive patients and healthy controls at 1–3 months postvaccination in these two cohorts; however, HBsAb titers were significantly lower in HIV‐positive patients. This study summarized the 2‐year data of immune response to hepatitis B vaccination and analyzed the factors related to sustained immune response at 2 years postvaccination in Chinese HIV‐positive patients.

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Epidemiology and Challenges of HBV/HIV Co-Infection Amongst HIV-Infected Patients in Endemic Areas: Review

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Factors Associated with Baseline CD4 Cell Counts and Advanced HIV Disease among Male and Female HIV-Positive Patients in Iran: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Factors Associated with Baseline CD4 Cell Counts and Advanced HIV Disease among Male and Female HIV-Positive Patients in Iran: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Prevalence and Association of Transfusion Transmitted Infections with ABO and Rh Blood Groups among Blood Donors in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A 7-Year Retrospective Analysis

Immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in human immunodeficiency virus‐positive patients in China: A 2‐year retrospective study

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