Triple Metachronous Malignancies with Thyroid Involvement: A Brief Overview of Five Case Reports over 20 Years of Institutional Experience

Badan, M; Piciu, Doina

doi:10.3390/diagnostics10030168

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Drug resistance was also observed in the study case, necessitating an alteration of the therapeutic regimen. The patient died 20 months after initiation of targeted drug therapy; the poor prognosis in this case was consistent with findings from previous studies ( 2 , 3 , 25 ), which reported poor outcomes in young female patients with MPCs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Warren proposed the following criteria for the diagnosis of MPCs ( 1 ): (1) every tumor must be malignant; (2) every tumor has to be confirmed histopathologically; (3) each tumor must occur at different sites and not be continuous with each other; and (4) the possibility of metastatic or recurrent tumors should be eliminated. MPCs are rarely found ( 2 , 3 ); the five most frequent sites include the breast, liver, head and neck, colorectum, and prostate ( 2 ). Unlike the five most frequent sites ( 2 , 3 ), which account for 3.1% of all MPC diagnoses ( 2 ), the thyroid is a rare site for their occurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MPCs are rarely found ( 2 , 3 ); the five most frequent sites include the breast, liver, head and neck, colorectum, and prostate ( 2 ). Unlike the five most frequent sites ( 2 , 3 ), which account for 3.1% of all MPC diagnoses ( 2 ), the thyroid is a rare site for their occurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case report: Rare presentation of double primary malignancies of the lung and thyroid: a difficult diagnosis

Chen,

Li,

Pan

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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This report describes a rare case of double primary cancer in a female patient aged 49 years who died 2 years after diagnosis. The patient was diagnosed with BRAFV600E-mutant metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and ALK fusion-positive metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. She presented with multifocal thyroid lesions and underwent radical thyroidectomy and bilateral cervical lymphadenectomy. Thyroid ultrasound revealed the presence of five hypoechoic nodules with irregular margins and microcalcifications; an irregular inhomogeneous hypoechoic level IV cervical lymph node was also found on the right side. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of metastatic PTC, and the tumor tested positive for the BRAFV600E mutation. Ultrasound of the neck, which was performed 4 months postdischarge, revealed enlargement of the left-sided cervical lymph nodes; a biopsy from these nodes confirmed a diagnosis of metastatic PTC. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans revealed the presence of multiple pulmonary hypermetabolic foci scattered across bilateral lung fields. Multiple hypermetabolic foci were also observed in the lymph nodes on both sides of the neck, axillae, and mediastinum; in addition, there was evidence of bone destruction with hypermetabolic foci. Supplementary reports from the histological and immunohistochemical analyses of cervical lymph node tissue obtained during primary surgery confirmed the presence of metastatic PTC and poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma. In particular, one enlarged cervical lymph node located on the right side of the neck demonstrated tumor components of both PTC and lung adenocarcinoma. Pathological analysis of axillary lymph node puncture biopsy confirmed the presence of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, and gene analysis revealed the presence of ALK fusion. The patient received targeted therapy based on a multidisciplinary discussion. However, she had a poor prognosis and died 2 years after the diagnosis. The initial thyroid ultrasound findings were reviewed retrospectively; the findings suggested that the possibility of double primary cancers should be considered in cases where the enlarged cervical lymph nodes are highly suspicious of PTC and present as inhomogeneous hypoechoic masses with irregular morphology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case report: Rare presentation of double primary malignancies of the lung and thyroid: a difficult diagnosis

Chen,

Li,

Pan

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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“…Synchronous cancer occurs when two tumors arise simultaneously or sequentially within a six-month period, whereas metachronous cancer involves tumors discovered consecutively with an interval exceeding six months. 1 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BRCA2, PALB2, RECQL4 Germline Pathogenic Variants, and Somatic TP53 Mutation in Triple Metachronous Malignancies: A Case Report and Literature Review

Liu,

Yang,

et al. 2024

IMCRJ

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Background Multiple primary cancer (MPC) refers to the presence of more than one cancer in an individual. Triple primary malignancies are uncommon. Case We report the case of a 50-year-old postmenopausal woman in our gynecology department, diagnosed with endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, and unilateral breast cancer. She carried germline mutations in BRCA2, PALB2, and RECQL4, along with a somatic pathogenic variant in TP53. Endometrial cancer patients harboring germline pathogenic variants in BRCA2 exhibit a heightened risk of ovarian and breast cancer. BRCA2 is known to play a role in the development of ovarian and breast cancer, while PALB2 is identified as a gene associated with breast cancer susceptibility. RECQL4 has been linked to breast cancer, cervical cancer, and other tumors. Conclusion Genetic testing may be imperative for identifying MPC in endometrial cancer patients. For individuals with BRCA2 and other gene pathogenic variants, routine examination and monitoring of the endometrium, ovaries, breasts, and other sites prone to polygenic cancer are recommended.

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“…Billroth reported multiple primary neoplasms for the first time in 1889. Later, in 1932, Warren and Gate classified MPMTs into two different types [ 1 ]. Synchronous MPMT, where a malignancy arises from a different (origin) primary tumor that develops within six months from the original primary tumor, differs from metachronous MPMT where a different tumor from the (original) primary tumor develops in more than six months after the primary tumor [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Treatment of Synchronous Double Lung Primary Malignancies and Colon Cancer

Alghanmi¹

2022

Cureus

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We report a rare case of multiple primary malignancies, double primary lung cancers, and synchronous colon cancer. Double primary lung cancers were synchronous with adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid (carcinoid tumor and adenocarcinoma). The patient subsequently underwent two surgeries, for lung and colon cancer, followed by four cycles of carboplatin and pemetrexed treatment for the lung adenocarcinoma, with an uneventful chemotherapy course. The patient has been followed up closely for the last 18 months via CT scans and tumor marker tests and has shown no evidence of recurrence or metastasis.

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Triple Metachronous Malignancies with Thyroid Involvement: A Brief Overview of Five Case Reports over 20 Years of Institutional Experience

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Case report: Rare presentation of double primary malignancies of the lung and thyroid: a difficult diagnosis

Case report: Rare presentation of double primary malignancies of the lung and thyroid: a difficult diagnosis

BRCA2, PALB2, RECQL4 Germline Pathogenic Variants, and Somatic TP53 Mutation in Triple Metachronous Malignancies: A Case Report and Literature Review

Successful Treatment of Synchronous Double Lung Primary Malignancies and Colon Cancer

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