Triple dissociation of attention and decision computations across prefrontal cortex

Hunt, Laurence T.; Malalasekera, Nishantha; Berker, Archy de; Miranda, Bruno; Farmer, Simon F.; Behrens, Timothy E.J.; Kennerley, Steven W.

doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0239-5

Cited by 185 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Together, these results are consistent with the possibility that participants actively sampled their choice set (Hunt et al, 2018;Hunt, Rutledge, Malalasekera, Kennerley, & Dolan, 2016), anchoring on one option and then evaluating the other option to the extent they believed it may be more valuable. While speculative at this point, this makes predictions for how participants sample their choice options and how the order in which they do so shapes their decisions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Spatiotemporally distinct neural mechanisms underlie our reactions to and comparison between value-based options

Frömer

Shenhav

2019

Preprint

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Previous research suggests that people evaluate options in at least two ways: (1) appraising their overall value and (2) choosing between them. Here we test whether these processes are temporally dissociable, with appraisal-related processes tied to the time one's options appear and choice-related processes tied to the time a decision is made. We recorded EEG while participants individually rated and subsequently made choices between consumer goods. As predicted, we found appraisal-related neural activity locked to the onset of the stimuli and choice-related activity locked to (and preceding) the response. Patterns of appraisal-and choice-related activity were further associated with distinct topographical profiles. Using a novel neural index of one's certainty about a given item's value, we also provide evidence that choices and choice-related activity were further modulated by this option-specific value certainty. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that spatiotemporally distinct mechanisms underlie appraisal and choice, suggesting that commonly observed neural correlates of choice value may reflect either or both of these processes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Spatiotemporally distinct neural mechanisms underlie our reactions to and comparison between value-based options

Frömer

Shenhav

2019

Preprint

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“…ACC information signals changed several hundred milliseconds before gaze shifts, while BG signals changed more proximally to behavior. This finding supports and extends theories that ACC is especially important for motivating behavioral shifts to explore available prospects and learn their reward value and other properties [61][62][63] , tracking their level of uncertainty and how it evolves over time as beliefs are updated in response to surprising outcomes 12,62,[64][65][66][67][68] , and using this information to decide how to control future cognition and behavior 62,69 . In particular, while it is well acknowledged that the ACC needs to receive a broad array of reward-and uncertainty-related information to perform these functions 62,69 , our data indicates that the ACC is not a mere passive recipient of this information; rather, the ACC is tightly linked to the emergence of motivational drive to actively seek out that information from the environment.…”

Section: Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Information Seeking Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 80%

A neural network for information seeking

White

Bromberg-Martin

Heilbronner

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Humans and other animals often show a strong desire to know the uncertain rewards their future has in store, even when they cannot use this information to influence the outcome. However, it is unknown how the brain predicts opportunities to gain information and motivates this information seeking behavior.Here we show that neurons in a network of interconnected subregions of primate anterior cingulate cortex and basal ganglia predict the moment of gaining information about uncertain rewards. Spontaneous increases in their information prediction signals are followed by gaze shifts toward objects associated with resolving uncertainty, and pharmacologically disrupting this network reduces the motivation to seek information. These findings demonstrate a cortico-basal ganglia mechanism responsible for motivating actions to resolve uncertainty by seeking knowledge about the future.We therefore hypothesized that information seeking behavior is motivated by an analogous neural network that encodes information predictions. Specifically, in order for a neural network to motivate ongoing information seeking behavior, it must (A) monitor the level of uncertainty about future events, (B) anticipate the time when information will become available to resolve the uncertainty, (C) activate before information-seeking behaviors, such as gaze shifts to inspect the source of uncertainty, (D) causally motivate behavior to obtain information.Here we demonstrate that these criteria are met by an anatomically interconnected network comprising three areas of the primate brain: the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and two subregions of the basal ganglia (BG), the internal-capsule-bordering portion of the dorsal striatum (icbDS) and the anterior pallidum including anterior globus pallidus and the ventral pallidum (Pal). RESULTS A cortico-basal ganglia network monitors reward uncertainty

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“…(Note that a good deal of evidence supports the idea that the midbrain DA system is downstream of OFC [45,46,47]. More broadly, these results fit into theories about hierarchies in reward processing [48,49,50,51].…”

Section: Reward Areassupporting

confidence: 53%

Curiosity from the Perspective of Systems Neuroscience

Cervera¹,

Wang²,

Hayden³

2020

Preprint

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Curiosity refers to a demand for information that has no instrumental benefit. Because of its critical role in development and in the regulation of learning, curiosity has long fascinated psychologists. However, it has been difficult to study curiosity from the perspective of the single neuron, the circuit, and systems neuroscience. Recent advances, however, have made doing so more feasible. These include theoretical advances in defining curiosity in animal models, the development of tasks that manipulate curiosity, and the preliminary identification of circuits responsible for curiosity-motivated learning. Taken together, resulting scholarship demonstrates the key roles of executive control, reward, and learning circuits in driving curiosity; and has helped us to understand how curiosity relates to information-seeking more broadly. This work has implications for mechanisms of reward-based decisions in general. Here we summarize these results and highlight important remaining questions for the future of curiosity studies.

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Triple dissociation of attention and decision computations across prefrontal cortex

Cited by 185 publications

References 56 publications

Spatiotemporally distinct neural mechanisms underlie our reactions to and comparison between value-based options

Spatiotemporally distinct neural mechanisms underlie our reactions to and comparison between value-based options

A neural network for information seeking

Curiosity from the Perspective of Systems Neuroscience

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