Trilobatin alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat diet plus streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Polyphenols as NLRP3 inflammasome modulators in cardiometabolic diseases: a review of in vivo studies

“…71 In this context, a total of 14 in vivo studies dealing with NLRP3 inflammasome modulation in T2D by polyphenols were identified, as shown in Table 3. [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85] All of them were preclinical studies, with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D as the most common one. In particular, 9 of the identified studies used this approach, with diabetic nephropathy 72,74,75,82 being the most studied diabetic complication, but with other studies focused on diabetic retinopathy, 77 diabetic cardiomyopathy, 78,85 diabetic neuropathic pain, 80 and atherosclerosis in a diabetic context.…”

“…84 One study used Zucker diabetic rats as a model, additionally inducing atherosclerosis with an HFD. 76 Indeed, an HFD alone was used to cause T2D in two studies in mice, 79,83 while one study in rats 73 induced T2D through a high-fructose diet. The last study was focused on gestational diabetes.…”

“…81 Most studies were focused on flavonoids, belonging to different families: flavonols such as quercetin 72,73,77 or myricetin; 75 dihydroflavanols such as dihydromyricetin; 85 flavanols such as epigallocatehin 3-Ogallate, 79,82 or procyanidins; 81 and flavones such as tilianin. 78 Additionally, the phenolic acid salvianolic acid A, 77,84 the ellagitannin punicalagin, 74 the dihydrochalcone trilobatin 83 and the phenylpropanoids syringin 78 and salisdroside 80 were tested. The duration of the studies ranged from 6 to 16 weeks.…”

“…Their results showed that salvianolic acid A decreased the expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β in the aortic tissues in a similar way to atorvastatin. Finally, inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome was accompanied by several improvements in clinical markers, first in those ones directly related to glucose hemostasis, such as blood glucose or insulin, hemoglobin A1c (Hb1Ac) or fructosamines, 75,83,84 but also in markers associated with diabetic complications, such as blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and kidney lipid profile in the case of diabetic nephropathy; 72,74 thickness of the retina in retinopathy; 77 echocardiogram parameters in cardiomyopathy; 78 and paw withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency in neuropathic pain. 80 Overall, the downregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome after supplementation with dietary polyphenols had an adjuvant effect in the multiple disturbances present in a T2D situation.…”

Dietary Polyphenols as Prospective Natural-Compound Depression Treatment from the Perspective of Intestinal Microbiota Regulation

“…Animal experiments have proved that during high-fat diet feeding, the activation of NLRP3 inflammatory bodies may produce a low-grade systemic inflammation, thus promoting the development of colorectal cancer (CAC) [ 124 ]. This is related to NLRP3’s ability to sense the danger signals caused by a high-fat diet and promote obesity and insulin resistance caused by inflammation [ 125 ]. Various microbial pathogens that can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome have been identified, including Salmonella typhimurium , Escherichia coli , etc.…”