Triglycerides, apo C3 and Lp B:C3 and cardiovascular risk in Type II diabetes

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Most of the patients die from cardiovascular complications, particularly from ischaemic heart disease [1±3].The mechanisms responsible for the increased cardiovascular risk in Type II diabetes are not fully understood. Diabetes is associated with many well-established cardiovascular risk factors. Patients with Type II diabetes have characteristic lipid abnormalities related to insulin resistance, i. e. hypertriglyceridaemia and low . The Paris Prospective Study [7] showed that hypertriglyceridaemia is an independent cardiovascular risk factor among Type II diabetic patients.A new lipoprotein classification was established more than 10 years ago by Alaupovic, Puchois and Fruchart, depending on apolipoprotein composition, which accounts for their functional specificity [8].Among triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, the ªEtude cas-tØmoin sur l'infarctus du myocardeº (ECTIM) Study [9,10] emphasised the important role of Lp B:C3 in the occurrence of myocardial infarction in non-diabetic patients.There have been no studies reporting the relation between such lipoproteins and macrovascular disease or cardiovascular mortality in patients with Type II diabetes.The purpose of this study was to assess relations between triglycerides, apo C3, Lp B:C3 and macroangiopathy, especially coronary heart disease in patients with Type II diabetes. Diabetologia (2000)

Alterations of lipids and apolipoprotein CIII in very low density lipoprotein subspecies in type 2 diabetes

“…Likewise only a few small studies have reported apo CIII levels in a diabetic population and the data are inconclusive [14][15][16][17]. In the context of CHD risk, current evidence suggests that the increase of apolipoprotein CIII in TRLs may be an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease [18][19][20][21].…”

Protein biomarkers for the prediction of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes

“…We prioritised biomarkers of cardiac damage (highsensitivity troponin T [hsTnT] and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]), renal disease (cystatin C, fetuin A), glucose-mediated damage in diabetes (soluble receptor for AGE [sRAGE]), matrix remodelling (matrix metalloproteinases and osteopontin) and coagulation (factor VII), as well as a lipoprotein of particular interest in diabetes (apolipoprotein C-III [apoCIII]) [9,10], and a large set of immune-and inflammation-related proteins including interleukins and interferons. We measured 33 protein biomarkers (ESM Table 2) by multiplex immunoassay on the Human DiscoveryMAP customised panel using the Luminex 100/200 instrument by RBM (Myriad Rules Based Medicine, Austin, TX, USA) [11] and standard commercially available ELISAs and kits for nine biomarkers.…”

Atorvastatin Decreases Apolipoprotein C-III in Apolipoprotein B-Containing Lipoprotein and HDL in Type 2 Diabetes

“…A number of clinical studies have revealed that total apoC-III as well as apoC-III present on TRLs (LpB:C-III) are risk indicators for CVD (23,24). In the Monitored Atherosclerosis Regression Study (MARS) (25), apoC-III, particularly in apoB-containing lipoproteins, was a major risk factor for the severity of CVD in patients with mild and moderate atherosclerosis.…”