Triggering and dynamic evolution of the LUSI mud volcano, Indonesia

Mazzini, Adriano; Svensen, Henrik; Ахманов, Г.Г.; Aloisi, Giovanni; Malthe‐Sørenssen, Anders; Istadi, Bambang P.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.001

Cited by 250 publications

(310 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A prominent application is the ongoing eruption of mud at the Lusi eruption in Indonesia [Davies et al, 2007] that has continued for >5 years and caused billions of dollars of economic losses [Richards, 2011]. In this case, the eruption has been attributed to an earthquake [e.g., Mazzini et al, 2007Mazzini et al, , 2012, not an earthquake [e.g., Manga, 2007], or to drilling operations at a gas exploration well [e.g., Davies et al, 2007Davies et al, , 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency dependence of mud volcano response to earthquakes

Rudolph

Manga

2012

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Distant earthquakes can trigger the eruption of mud volcanoes. We document the response of the Davis-Schrimpf mud volcanoes, California, to two earthquakes and nonresponse to four additional events. We show that the DavisSchrimpf mud volcanoes are more sensitive to long period seismic waves than to shorter period waves of the same amplitude. Our observations are consistent with models for dislodging bubbles and particles by time varying flows produced by seismic waves. Mobilizing trapped bubbles or particles increases permeability or fluid mobility, increasing discharge. Citation: Rudolph, M. L., and M. Manga (2012), Frequency dependence of mud volcano response to earthquakes,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency dependence of mud volcano response to earthquakes

Rudolph

Manga

2012

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…It includes a large variety of phenomena such as methane venting [1], hydraulic fractures [2][3][4], pockmarks [5][6][7], hydrothermal complexes [8,9], kimberlite pipes [10][11][12] or mud volcanoes [13][14][15][16]. Since the 90's, the technique of air sparging has also been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow and fracture in water-saturated, unconstrained granular beds

et al. 2015

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The injection of gas in a liquid-saturated granular bed gives rise to a wide variety of invasion patterns. Many studies have focused on constrained porous media, in which the grains are fixed in the bed and only the interstitial fluid flows when the gas invades the system. With a free upper boundary, however, the grains can be entrained by the ascending gas or fluid motion, and the competition between the upward motion of grains and sedimentation leads to new patterns. We propose a brief review of the experimental investigation of the dynamics of air rising through a water-saturated, unconstrained granular bed, in both two and three dimensions. After describing the invasion pattern at short and long time, a tentative regime-diagram is proposed. We report original results showing a dependence of the fluidized zone shape, at long times, on the injection flow rate and grain size. A method based on image analysis makes it possible to detect not only the fluidized zone profile in the stationary regime, but also to follow the transient dynamics of its formation. Finally, we describe the degassing dynamics inside the fluidized zone, in the stationary regime. Depending on the experimental conditions, regular bubbling, continuous degassing, intermittent regime or even spontaneous flow-to-fracture transition are observed.

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“…For example, the Lusi mud volcano in Indonesia is the biggest and most damaging mud volcano in the world [18], having displaced 40 000 people from their homes, and has been active since May 2006. There is an ongoing debate about how it was triggered, i.e., whether it formed naturally by an earthquake or geothermal process [19][20][21][22], or if it is a manmade consequence of a nearby drilling operation by a company probing for natural gas [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumatic fractures in confined granular media

et al. 2017

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We perform experiments where air is injected at a constant overpressure P in , ranging from 5 to 250 kPa, into a dry granular medium confined within a horizontal linear Hele-Shaw cell. The setup allows us to explore compacted configurations by preventing decompaction at the outer boundary, i.e., the cell outlet has a semipermeable filter such that beads are stopped while air can pass. We study the emerging patterns and dynamic growth of channels in the granular media due to fluid flow, by analyzing images captured with a high speed camera (1000 images/s). We identify four qualitatively different flow regimes, depending on the imposed overpressure, ranging from no channel formation for P in below 10 kPa, to large thick channels formed by erosion and fingers merging for high P in around 200 kPa. The flow regimes where channels form are characterized by typical finger thickness, final depth into the medium, and growth dynamics. The shape of the finger tips during growth is studied by looking at the finger width w as function of distance d from the tip. The tip profile is found to follow w(d) ∝ d β , where β = 0.68 is a typical value for all experiments, also over time. This indicates a singularity in the curvaturee., more rounded tips rather than pointy cusps, as they would be for the case β > 1. For increasing P in , the channels generally grow faster and deeper into the medium. We show that the channel length along the flow direction has a linear growth with time initially, followed by a power-law decay of growth velocity with time as the channel approaches its final length. A closer look reveals that the initial growth velocity v 0 is found to scale with injection pressure as v 0 ∝ P 3 2 in , while at a critical time t c there is a cross-over to the behavior v(t) ∝ t −α , where α is close to 2.5 for all experiments. Finally, we explore the fractal dimension of the fully developed patterns. For example, for patterns resulting from intermediate P in around 100-150 kPa, we find that the box-counting dimensions lie within the range D B ∈ [1.53,1.62], similar to viscous fingering fractals in porous media.

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Triggering and dynamic evolution of the LUSI mud volcano, Indonesia

Cited by 250 publications

References 26 publications

Frequency dependence of mud volcano response to earthquakes

Frequency dependence of mud volcano response to earthquakes

Flow and fracture in water-saturated, unconstrained granular beds

Pneumatic fractures in confined granular media

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