Frequency dependence of mud volcano response to earthquakes

Abstract

[1] Distant earthquakes can trigger the eruption of mud volcanoes. We document the response of the Davis-Schrimpf mud volcanoes, California, to two earthquakes and nonresponse to four additional events. We show that the DavisSchrimpf mud volcanoes are more sensitive to long period seismic waves than to shorter period waves of the same amplitude. Our observations are consistent with models for dislodging bubbles and particles by time varying flows produced by seismic waves. Mobilizing trapped bubbles or particles increases permeability or fluid mobility, increasing discharge. Citation: Rudolph, M. L., and M. Manga (2012), Frequency dependence of mud volcano response to earthquakes,

Dynamic Triggering of Mud Volcano Eruptions During the 2016–2017 Central Italy Seismic Sequence

“…Extrapolated PGVs at mud volcanoes that were activated shortly (hours to a maximum of 2 days; Table 2) after the 24 August and 30 October 2016 earthquakes vary from~5.6 to 9 cm/s, and the calculated peak dynamic stresses vary in the range between 0.94 bar and 3.89 bar (see section 5.2; Table 2). These values often exceed or are comparable to the stress magnitude reported for other triggered events such as changes in the water level in wells, triggered earthquakes, and changes in the behavior of geysers (e.g., Manga et al, 2009;Rudolph & Manga, 2012).…”

“…The Niikappu mud volcano in Japan was triggered by earthquakes 6 times, with PGV between 8.3 and 107 cm/s (Manga et al, ; Table S2). Rudolph and Manga () report PGV values in the range of 0.07–14.4 cm/s for the Davis‐Schrimpf mud volcanoes, California, which showed responses to earthquakes during the period of April 2010 to February 2012. The PGV values for triggering define a wide range, and such an extreme variability may depend on whether it was a new eruption or the system was already erupting.…”

“…Magnitude versus epicentral distance graph showing literature data (grey circles; from Snead, ; Martinelli et al, ; Chigira & Tanaka, ; Delisle, ; Manga & Brodsky, ; Mellors et al, ; Bonini, ; Rukavickova & Hanzl, ; Manga et al, ; Rudolph & Manga, ; Rudolph & Manga, ; Tsunogai et al, ; Bonini et al, . See also Table S2) for seismically triggered mud volcanoes.…”

Triggering of the largest Deccan eruptions by the Chicxulub impact

“…Long-period motions appear to be more effective than short-period waves in exciting hydrologic systems (Rudolph and Manga, 2012). However, it must be emphasized that the physical mechanisms involved in the triggering of volcanic eruptions by dynamic stresses from earthquakes have not yet been determined even for shallow magmatic systems, and therefore we simply do not know what mechanisms may apply at deep crustal and sublithospheric depths in the case of the Deccan Traps.…”

Influence of seismicity on the Lusi mud eruption

“…In Figure a, we show historical seismicity within 1500 km of Lusi from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) earthquake catalog (earthquake.usgs.gov). In this magnitude‐distance‐triggering diagram, we also show known global instances of mud volcano eruptions triggered by earthquakes (compiled in Manga et al [] and Rudolph and Manga [, ]). Diagonal lines are contours of constant seismic energy density, and the event indicated with a star is the Yogyakarta earthquake.…”