Trigeminal subnucleus caudalis: beyond homologies with the spinal dorsal horn

Bereiter, David A.; Hirata, Harumitsu; Hu, James W.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00434-6

Cited by 171 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Prevailing normal temperatures tonically activate thermally sensitive afferents in most superficial Vc neurons without action potential-induced afferent activation. Thus synaptic transmission in the superficial lamina of Vc is strikingly diverse compared with other regions that receive primary afferent input such as the spinal dorsal horn (Bereiter et al 2000) and the NTS (Shoudai et al 2010). Distinct properties of spontaneous glutamate release including basal rate, thermal sensitivity, and CAP responses identified subpopulations of Vc synapses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological temperatures drive glutamate release onto trigeminal superficial dorsal horn neurons

Largent-Milnes

Hegarty

Aicher

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Largentϩ , thermal, and chemical stimuli. The present study investigated the relationships among the spontaneous release of glutamate, temperature, and TRPV1 localization at synapses in the Vc. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) were recorded from Vc neurons (n ϭ 151) in horizontal brain-stem slices obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurons had basal sEPSC rates that fell into two distinct frequency categories: High (Ն10 Hz) or Low (Ͻ10 Hz) at 35°C. Of all recorded neurons, those with High basal release rates (67%) at near-physiological temperatures greatly reduced their sEPSC rate when cooled to 30°C without amplitude changes. Such responses persisted during blockade of action potentials indicating that the High rate of glutamate release arises from presynaptic thermal mechanisms. Neurons with Low basal frequencies (33%) showed minor thermal changes in sEPSC rate that were abolished after addition of TTX, suggesting these responses were indirect and required local circuits. Activation of TRPV1 with capsaicin (100 nM) increased miniature EPSC (mEPSC) frequency in 70% of neurons, but half of these neurons had Low basal mEPSC rates and no temperature sensitivity. Our evidence indicates that normal temperatures (35-37°C) drive spontaneous excitatory synaptic activity within superficial Vc by a mechanism independent of presynaptic action potentials. Thus thermally sensitive inputs on superficial Vc neurons may tonically activate these neurons without afferent stimulation.trigeminal nucleus caudalis; temperature; TRPV1; spontaneous release; electrophysiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological temperatures drive glutamate release onto trigeminal superficial dorsal horn neurons

Largent-Milnes

Hegarty

Aicher

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Nociceptive afferents terminate mainly in lamina I and II of the dorsal parts of the Vc commonly referred to as the medullary dorsal horn. The trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and the spinal dorsal horn are not completely homologous although they have many features in common (for details, see Bereiter et al, 2000). Many neurons in the subnucleus caudalis are local interneurons or projection neurons intrinsic to the trigeminal complex.…”

Section: Structural Components In Nociceptive Processing Via the Trigmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogenic influences in pain processing

Amandusson

Blomqvist

2013

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

108

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Gonadal hormones not only play a pivotal role in reproductive behavior and sexual differentiation, they also contribute to thermoregulation, feeding, memory, neuronal survival, and the perception of somatosensory stimuli. Numerous studies on both animals and human subjects have also demonstrated the potential effects of gonadal hormones, such as estrogens, on pain transmission. These effects most likely involve multiple neuroanatomical circuits as well as diverse neurochemical systems and they therefore need to be evaluated specifically to determine the localization and intrinsic characteristics of the neurons engaged. The aim of this review is to summarize the morphological as well as biochemical evidence in support for gonadal hormone modulation of nociceptive processing, with particular focus on estrogens and spinal cord mechanisms.

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“…In the trigeminal somatosensory system, nociceptive primary afferents terminate in the brainstem, predominantly in the spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis which is also known as the medullary dorsal horn because of its morphological and functional similarities with the spinal dorsal horn (Dubner and Bennett, 1983;Bereiter et al, 2000;Sessle, 2000;. Central sensitisation in trigeminal brainstem nociceptive neurons can be elicited by noxious orofacial stimulation and its modulation by intrathecal application of P2X receptor agonists and antagonists indicates that P2X 3 or P2X 2/3 receptors on the trigeminal primary afferent terminals in the medullary dorsal horn are involved (Hu et al, 2002;Chiang et al, 2005).…”

Section: Nih Public Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological findings are supported by findings of P2X receptor expression on the trigeminal ganglion cell bodies. These neurons supply tissues that are predominantly innervated by small-diameter nociceptive afferents, some of which have unique features related to pain (see Bereiter et al, 2000;Sessle, 2000;. These P2X receptor-expressing neurons include those innervating the rat and human tooth pulp Alavi et al, 2001;Renton et al, 2003), rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) Shinoda et al, 2005) and masseter muscle (Ambalavanar et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of P2X2 and P2X3 receptors in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons

et al. 2007

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Purine receptors have been implicated in central neurotransmission from nociceptive primary afferent neurons, and adenosine 5'tri-phosphate (ATP)-mediated currents in sensory neurons have been shown to be mediated by both P2X 3 and P2X 2/3 receptors. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively examine the distribution of P2X 2 and P2X 3 receptors in primary afferent cell bodies in the rat trigeminal ganglion, including those innervating the dura. In order to determine the classes of neurons that express these receptor subtypes, purine receptor immunoreactivity was examined for colocalisation with markers of myelinated (neurofilament 200; NF200) or mostly unmyelinated, nonpeptidergic fibres (Bandeiraea simplicifolia isolectin B4; IB4). 40 % of P2X 2 and 64 % of P2X 3 receptor-expressing cells were IB4 positive, and 33 % of P2X 2 and 31 % of P2X 3 receptor-expressing cells were NF200 positive. Approximately 40 % of cells expressing P2X 2 receptors also expressed P2X 3 receptors and vice versa. Trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the dura mater were retrogradely labelled and 52 % of these neurons expressed either P2X 2 or P2X 3 or both receptors. These results are consistent with electrophysiological findings that P2X receptors exist on the central terminals of trigeminal afferent neurons, and provide evidence that afferents supplying the dura express both receptors. In addition, the data suggest specific differences exist in P2X receptor expression between the spinal and trigeminal nociceptive systems. Keywords purine receptors; trigeminal ganglia; sensory neuron; migraine; pain Purine receptors have been widely implicated in nociceptive processing (Burnstock, 2000;Khakh, 2001;Liu and Salter, 2005). The receptors are of two types: ionotropic (P2X) and metabotropic (P2Y), both of which are stimulated by adenosine 5'tri-phosphate (ATP). Seven P2X receptor subtypes have been cloned, and some occur as heteromultimers (e.g. P2X 2/3 , P2X 1/5 and P2X 4/6 receptors). In the spinal somatosensory system, all P2X receptor subtypes with the exception of P2X 7 are expressed in the spinal dorsal horn, the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and the central terminals of primary afferent neurons (Burnstock, 2000;Khakh, 2001;North, 2002). In vivo and in vitro electrophysiological recordings from single dorsal horn neurons have implicated P2X receptors on primary afferent terminals in spinal nociceptive transmission (Nakatsuka and Gu, 2001;Nakatsuka et al., 2002;Nakatsuka et al., 2003; Correspondence details: Dr. Ernest Jennings Dept. Anatomy & Cell Biology The University of Melbourne Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia Tel: +61 3 8344 5802 Fax: +61 3 9347 9619 Email: e.jennings@unimelb.edu.au. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form...

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Trigeminal subnucleus caudalis: beyond homologies with the spinal dorsal horn

Cited by 171 publications

References 41 publications

Physiological temperatures drive glutamate release onto trigeminal superficial dorsal horn neurons

Physiological temperatures drive glutamate release onto trigeminal superficial dorsal horn neurons

Estrogenic influences in pain processing

Localization of P2X2 and P2X3 receptors in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons

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