Trigeminal nerve stimulation induces Fos immunoreactivity in selected brain regions, increases hippocampal cell proliferation and reduces seizure severity in rats

Mercante, Beniamina; Enrico, Paolo; Floris, Gabriele; Quartu, Marina; Boi, Marianna; Serra, Maria Pina; Follesa, Paolo; Deriu, Franca

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.012

Cited by 33 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Children with lower levels of emotional dysregulation as well as poorer executive functions at baseline appear to be more likely to be eTNS treatment responders. The neural mechanism underlying treatment effects may be increased cortical activity in mid-and right frontal regions, which makes sense with the hypothesized eTNS neural effects of activation of anterior cingulate, inferior frontal and medial frontal gyri, and insula (Cook, Espinoza, Leuchter, 2014;Mercante B, Enrico P, Floris G, et al 2017). These changes in frontal brain activity may result in treatment-related improved executive functioning, which occurs commensurate with ADHD symptom reduction.…”

Section: What Further Research Is Being Conducted On Etns In Adhd?mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…eTNS is believed to stimulate the nucleus tractus solitarius, which relays signals to cortical and subcortical structures such as the thalamus, hypothala-mus, amygdala, locus coeruleus, reticular activating system, anterior cingulate and insula (Nolte, 1999, Mercante et al, 2017, McGough et al, 2015. A previous positron emission tomography study showed that acute eTNS activated several brain regions implicated in ADHD and executive function, including the anterior cingulate cortex, inferior and middle frontal gyri (Cook, Espinoza, & Leuchter, 2014).…”

Section: How Does Etns Affect Brain Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuromodulation treatments for ADHD: The ABCs of eTNS

Loo¹,

McGough²

2020

The ADHD Report

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Section: What Further Research Is Being Conducted On Etns In Adhd?mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: How Does Etns Affect Brain Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromodulation treatments for ADHD: The ABCs of eTNS

Loo¹,

McGough²

2020

The ADHD Report

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“…The exact anatomic pathway from the vagal nerve to the TCC is not clear: is it a direct connection to the spinal trigeminal nucleus, or an indirect one via the solitary tract nucleus? Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation, via the auricular branch of the vagal nerve, induces FOS immunoreactivity (an indirect marker for neuronal activity) in the solitary tract nucleus and trigeminal nuclei (81); stimulation from the antero-lateral aspect of the neck activates solitary tract nucleus but inhibits spinal trigeminal nucleus (82). These observations favor an indirect way, in which vagal stimulation could increases activity at the solitary tract nucleus level, which might then inhibit activity in the trigeminal nuclei.…”

Section: Anatomical Arguments For the Existence Of A Feedback Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptomatic SSCD patients (89) do indeed have smaller mastoids (less possibility for compensation-more chance of developing symptoms). Symptomatic PET patients also have been found to have smaller mastoids (81,97), and PET patients with only unilateral symptoms (98) often have a bilateral open ET. Again, this means that, with correct compensation mechanisms, a wide open ET does not need to produce autophony.…”

Section: Functional Arguments For the Existence Of A Feedback System mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tympanic Resonance Hypothesis

Boedts

2020

Front. Neurol.

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Seemingly unrelated symptoms in the head and neck region are eliminated when a patch is applied on specific locations on the Tympanic Membrane. Clinically, two distinct patient populations can be distinguished; cervical and masticatory muscle tensions are involved, and mental moods of anxiety or need. Clinical observations lead to the hypothesis of a "Tympanic Resonance Regulating System." Its controller, the Trigeminocervical complex, integrates external auditory, somatosensory, and central impulses. It modulates auditory attention, and directs it toward unpredictable external or expected domestic and internal sounds: peripherally by shifting the resonance frequencies of the Tympanic Membrane; centrally by influencing the throughput of auditory information to the neural attention networks that toggle between scanning and focusing; and thus altering the perception of auditory information. The hypothesis leads to the assumption that the Trigeminocervical complex is composed of a dorsal component, and a ventral one which may overlap with the concept of "Trigeminovagal complex." "Tympanic Dissonance" results in a host of local and distant symptoms, most of which can be attributed to activation of the Trigeminocervical complex. Diagnostic and therapeutic measures for this "Tympanic Dissonance Syndrome" are suggested.

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“…It arises from the Pons and immediately divides bi-laterally at the trigeminal ganglion into three major branches (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular) spread bilaterally along the face (De Giorgio et al, 2011). Trigeminal afferent fibers carry sensory information from the face and project to a range of targets within the brain via the central nervous system (CNS) (Mercante et al 2017). This then spreads "down" to the autonomic nervous system (ANS), with the potential to modulate the nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems (Buchholz et al 2017).…”

Section: Trigeminal Nerve Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromodulation as a new avenue for resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock

et al. 2019

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Hemorrhagic shock (HS), a major cause of early death from trauma, accounts for around 40% of mortality, with 33-56% of these deaths occurring before the patient reaches a medical facility. Intravenous fluid therapy and blood transfusions are the cornerstone of treating HS. However, these options may not be available soon after the injury, resulting in death or a poorer quality of survival. Therefore, new strategies are needed to manage HS patients before they can receive definitive care. Recently, various forms of neuromodulation have been investigated as possible supplementary treatments for HS in the prehospital phase of care. Here, we provide an overview of neuromodulation methods that show promise to treat HS, such as vagus nerve stimulation, electroacupuncture, trigeminal nerve stimulation, and phrenic nerve stimulation and outline their possible mechanisms in the treatment of HS. Although all of these approaches are only validated in the preclinical models of HS and are yet to be translated to clinical settings, they clearly represent a paradigm shift in the way that this deadly condition is managed in the future.

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Trigeminal nerve stimulation induces Fos immunoreactivity in selected brain regions, increases hippocampal cell proliferation and reduces seizure severity in rats

Cited by 33 publications

References 84 publications

Neuromodulation treatments for ADHD: The ABCs of eTNS

Neuromodulation treatments for ADHD: The ABCs of eTNS

Tympanic Resonance Hypothesis

Neuromodulation as a new avenue for resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock

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