Tricuspid valve endocarditis caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae: a case report and review of the literature

HACEK infective endocarditis: Epidemiology, clinical features, and outcome: A case–control study

“…Intracardiac vegetations were present in 68.8% of cases and 77.1% of controls. Classically, HACEK-IE-related vegetations have been thought to be larger due to the prolonged clinical course of the disease (Sharara et al, 2016;Nwaohiri et al, 2009;Feder et al, 2003;Berbari et al, 1997). In the present study, HACEK-IE vegetations tended to be both larger (median 11.5 mm, IQR 10.0-20.0 mm) than in VGS (median 9.0 mm, IQR 7.0-13.0 mm) and more numerous when <1 cm.…”

Gram-negative bacterial endocarditis in adults: state-of-the-heart

“…Among the HACEK organisms, Haemophilus and Actinobacillus species usually run a subacute course with a higher rate of peripheral embolization (50%) and larger sized cardiac vegetation on echocardiography [7,15,16]. Infection with Cardiobacterium hominis is almost exclusively associated with endocarditis, especially in the setting of damaged cardiac valves.…”

Expression of a new disialyllacto structure in the lipopolysaccharide of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae

“…Most people carry H. parainfluenzae and by multi-locus sequence typing and partial 16S rRNA sequences [Derek Hood, unpublished data], it has been found to be a highly diverse population of organisms. Despite being closely related to H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae very rarely cause disease, and few cases have been reported recently [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”