Trickle-plus: Elastic Trickle algorithm for low-power networks and Internet of Things

Ghaleb, Baraq; Al‐Dubai, Ahmed; Ekonomou, Elias; Paechter, Ben; Qasem, Mamoun

doi:10.1109/wcnc.2016.7564654

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Since RPL routing protocol is mostly used for LLNs, a lot of research has been done on it, and mainly on the trickle timer algorithm as an important component of the RPL protocol that controls the transmission of the control messages and saves energy [14][15][16][17]. An optimized trickle was proposed by Djamaa et al [14], which only focused on the inconsistent state in its modification.…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trickle timer suffers from two main problems, it might consume high power to form a network in a short time, or it takes long convergence time with low power consumption. Therefore, Ghaleb et al [16] suggested a new algorithm called trickle-plus. Their goal was to build a network with low power consumption and short convergence time.…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simulation for each experiment lasted 900 seconds (15 minutes) and each experiment was repeated 3 times with different seeds to get accurate results of the performance measurements as used in [16]. The transmission (TX range) and interference ranges (INF range) of each node were 50 m. The transmission success ratio (TX ratio) was 100% with different loss rate (RX ratio) values (0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%).…”

Section: Figure 1 History-based Consistency (Hbc) Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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History-based consistency algorithm for the trickle-timer with low-power and lossy networks

Albalas

Taamneh

Mardini

2021

IJECE

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Recently, the internet of things (IoT) has become an important concept which has changed the vision of the Internet with the appearance of IPv6 over low power and lossy networks (6LoWPAN). However, these 6LoWPANs have many drawbacks because of the use of many devices with limited resources; therefore, suitable protocols such as the Routing Protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) were developed, and one of RPL's main components is the trickle timer algorithm, used to control and maintain the routing traffic frequency caused by a set of control messages. However, the trickle timer suffered from the short-listen problem which was handled by adding the listen-only period mechanism. This addition increased the delay in propagating transmissions and resolving the inconsistency in the network. However, to solve this problem we proposed the history based consistency algorithm (HBC), which eliminates the listen-only period based on the consistency period of the network. The proposed algorithm showed very good results. We measured the performance of HBC trickle in terms of convergence time; which was mainly affected, the power consumption and the packet delivery ratio (PDR). We made a comparison between the original trickle timer, the E-Trickle, the optimized trickle and our HBC trickle algorithm. The PDR and the power consumption showed in some cases better results under the HBC trickle compared to other trickle timers and in other cases the results were very close to the original trickle indicating the efficiency of the proposed trickle in choosing optimal routes when sending messages.

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Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 1 History-based Consistency (Hbc) Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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History-based consistency algorithm for the trickle-timer with low-power and lossy networks

Albalas

Taamneh

Mardini

2021

IJECE

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“…Optimizing Trickle has become a popular research topic [1,22,23,24]. Furthermore, simulations have shown that Trickle suffers from the broadcast storm problem, especially in dense network.…”

Section: Design and Implementation Of Conementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presently, WSNs act as an important infrastructure in the popular Internet of Things (IoT). The idea behind IoT is to fully integrate tiny devices such as sensor nodes with IP-based networks, in order to realize new areas of WSN applications [1]. The integration of WSNs in IoT enables users’ immediate access to (environmental) data collected by the sensor nodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CONE: A Connected Dominating Set-Based Flooding Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Lisiecki

Zhang

Theel

2019

Sensors

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a significant role in a large number of applications, e.g., healthcare and industry. A WSN typically consists of a large number of sensor nodes which rely on limited power sources in many applications. Therefore, improving the energy efficiency of WSNs becomes a crucial topic in the research community. As a fundamental service in WSNs, network flooding offers the advantages that information can be distributed fast and reliably throughout an entire network. However, network flooding suffers from low energy efficiency due to the large number of redundant transmissions in the network. In this work, we exploit connected dominating sets (CDS) to enhance the energy efficiency of network flooding by reducing the number of transmissions. For this purpose, we propose a connected dominating set-based flooding protocol (CONE). CONE inhibits nodes that are not in the CDS from rebroadcasting packets during the flooding process. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of CONE in both simulations and a real-world testbed, and then we compare CONE to a baseline protocol. Experimental results show that CONE improves the end-to-end reliability and reduces the duty cycle of network flooding in the simulations. Additionally, CONE reduces the average energy consumption in the FlockLab testbed by 15%.

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A comparative study of energy efficient algorithms for IoT applications based on WSNs

Guiloufi

Khediri

Nasri

et al. 2023

Multimed Tools Appl

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Trickle-plus: Elastic Trickle algorithm for low-power networks and Internet of Things

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

History-based consistency algorithm for the trickle-timer with low-power and lossy networks

History-based consistency algorithm for the trickle-timer with low-power and lossy networks

CONE: A Connected Dominating Set-Based Flooding Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

A comparative study of energy efficient algorithms for IoT applications based on WSNs

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