Trichuris muris: Structure and formation of the egg polar plugs

Preston, Christine; Jenkins, Trisha A.

doi:10.1007/bf00928339

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To test the functional role of FIBCD1 expression on IECs in vivo, we employed the parasitic whipworm Trichuris muris, a widely used model of intestinal helminth infection that is transmitted through ingestion of chitin-containing embryonated T. muris eggs (Preston and Jenkins, 1985;Cliffe and Grencis, 2004;Klementowicz et al, 2012). We identified that FIBCD1 recognized and specifically bound the chitin-rich polar plugs of T. muris eggs ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the fungal mycobiome is regulated by the chitin-binding receptor FIBCD1

Møeller

Leonardi

Schlosser

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Host–microbiota interactions are critical in regulating mammalian health and disease. In addition to bacteria, parasites, and viruses, beneficial communities of fungi (the mycobiome) are important modulators of immune- and tissue-homeostasis. Chitin is a major component of the fungal cell wall, and fibrinogen C containing domain 1 (FIBCD1) is a chitin-binding protein; however, the role of this molecule in influencing host–mycobiome interactions in vivo has never been examined. Here, we identify direct binding of FIBCD1 to intestinal-derived fungi and demonstrate that epithelial-specific expression of FIBCD1 results in significantly reduced fungal colonization and amelioration of fungal-driven intestinal inflammation. Collectively, these results identify FIBCD1 as a previously unrecognized microbial pattern recognition receptor through which intestinal epithelial cells can recognize and control fungal colonization, limit fungal dysbiosis, and dampen intestinal inflammation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the fungal mycobiome is regulated by the chitin-binding receptor FIBCD1

Møeller

Leonardi

Schlosser

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…This indicated that the factor affecting egg hatching was unlikely to be a microbially derived part of the supernatant. The study also established the necessity of having an intact bacterial structure in the case of E. coli as clustering of green-fluorescent tagged E. coli around the poles of the helminth eggs where worms emerge was observed (Preston and Jenkins, 1985), demonstrating that a component of the bacterial cell surface played a role.…”

Section: T H E E F F E C T O F H E L M I N T H I N F E C T I O N O N mentioning

confidence: 94%

The microbiota and helminths: sharing the same niche in the human host

et al. 2014

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Human gastrointestinal bacteria often share their environment with parasitic worms, allowing physical and physiological interaction between the two groups. Such associations have the potential to affect host health as well as the bacterial and helminth populations. Although still in its early stages, research on the interaction between the microbiome and parasitic helminths in humans offers the potential to improve health by manipulating the microbiome. Previously, supplementation with various nutritional compounds has been found to increase the abundance of potentially beneficial gut commensal bacteria. Thus, nutritional microbiome manipulation to produce an environment which may decrease malnutrition associated with helminth infection and/or aid host recovery from disease is conceivable. This review discusses the influence of the gut microbiota and helminths on host nutrition and immunity and the subsequent effects on the human host's overall health. It also discusses changes occurring in the microbiota upon helminth infections and the underlying mechanisms leading to these changes. There are still significant knowledge gaps which need to be filled before meaningful progress can be made in translating knowledge from studying the human gut microbiome into therapeutic strategies. Ultimately this review aims to discuss our current knowledge as well as highlight areas requiring further investigation.

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“…The innermost layer consists of impermeable lipid, the second of chitin/protein complex fibrils that provides structural support, while the outermost layer is a vitelline layer composed of lipoproteins (Wharton 1980;Wharton and Jenkins 1978). The structure of the polar plugs of Trichuris resembles the rest of the eggshell, but the chitinuous layer appears to have lower protein concentration (Preston and Jenkins 1985;Wharton and Jenkins 1978). The polar plugs of TSO are degraded and mechanically punctured by the larva during the hatching process, after which the larva emerges (Beer 1973a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

In vitro hatching of Trichuris suis eggs

Vejzagić

Thamsborg

Kringel³

et al. 2015

Parasitol Res

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Eggs of the pig whipworm, Trichuris suis ova (TSO), are currently tested in human clinical trials for their potential immunomodulatory capacity. The biological potency of TSO (egg viability and infectivity) is traditionally assessed in Göttingen minipigs as the establishment of intestinal larvae after inoculation with a known number of eggs. To minimize testing in animal models, development of an in vitro egg hatching assay is proposed as a reliable, cost-effective, and a faster alternative to test the egg viability. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of different chemical, physical, and biological factors on egg hatching. Thus, in a series of experiments and in different combinations, the eggs were stimulated with glass beads, artificial gastric juice, bile salt and trypsin solution, fermentation gut medium, or stimulated with mucosal scrapings from the ileum and the large intestine of the infected and uninfected Göttingen minipig. Mechanical stimulation with glass beads presented a simple and reproducible method for egg hatching. However, incubation of eggs with mucosal scrapings from the ileum, caecum, and colon for 24 h at 38 °C significantly increased hatching.

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Trichuris muris: Structure and formation of the egg polar plugs

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Modulation of the fungal mycobiome is regulated by the chitin-binding receptor FIBCD1

Modulation of the fungal mycobiome is regulated by the chitin-binding receptor FIBCD1

The microbiota and helminths: sharing the same niche in the human host

In vitro hatching of Trichuris suis eggs

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