Trichotillomania and co-occurring anxiety

Grant, Jon E.; Redden, Sarah A.; Leppink, Eric W.; Chamberlain, Samuel R.

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.09.005

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…57 In this same multivariable analysis, comorbid OCD was not associated with occurrence of TTM in TS patients. 57 Finally, we found that between 2.6 and 20% of TTM patients had a history of OCD, 49,53,[59][60][61][62] while 0 to 3% had a history of tic disorders. 53,60 When comparing tic comorbidity in OCD and TTM patients, five studies reported that TTM patients have the same level of tic disorders as OCD patients.…”

Section: Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 66%

Trichotillomania is more related to Tourette disorder than to obsessive-compulsive disorder

Lamothe

Baleyte

Mallet

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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Objective: Trichotillomania (TTM) is characterized by the pulling out of one's hair. TTM was classified as an impulse control disorder in DSM-IV, but is now classified in the obsessive-compulsive related disorders section of DSM-5. Classification for TTM remains an open question, especially considering its impact on treatment of the disorder. In this review, we questioned the relation of TTM to tic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method: We reviewed relevant MEDLINE-indexed articles on clinical, neuropsychological, neurobiological, and therapeutic aspects of trichotillomania, OCD, and tic disorders. Results: Our review found a closer relationship between TTM and tic disorder from neurobiological (especially imaging) and therapeutic standpoints. Conclusion: We sought to challenge the DSM-5 classification of TTM and to compare TTM with both OCD and tic disorder. Some discrepancies between TTM and tic disorders notwithstanding, several arguments are in favor of a closer relationship between these two disorders than between TTM and OCD, especially when considering implications for therapy. This consideration is essential for patients.

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Section: Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 66%

Trichotillomania is more related to Tourette disorder than to obsessive-compulsive disorder

Lamothe

Baleyte

Mallet

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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“…TTM is comorbid to several other psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Grant et al, 2017). To investigate this association in NOS2 KO, the animals were submitted to the actimeter test, where both the total activity and the presence of Manuscript to be reviewed NOS2 KO associated with an increase in repetitive movements compared to WT animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) knockout mice as a model of trichotillomania (v0.1)"

Bult-Ito¹

2018

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Background: trichotillomania (TTM) is an impulse control disorder characterized by repetitive hair pulling/trimming. Barbering behavior (BB) observed in laboratory animals is proposed as a model of TTM. The neurobiological basis of TTM is unclear, but involves striatal hyperactivity and hypoactivation of the prefrontal cortex. Methods: in this study, we evaluated the BB in knockout mice for the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2KO) and the consequences of silencing this enzyme in PC12 cell differentiation. Results: NOS2KO exhibit exacerbated BB, starting 4 weeks of age, and increased repetitive movements compared to wild-type mice (WT). The expression of BB was attenuated by repeated treatment with clomipramine, a clinically approved drug to treat TTM in humans, or memantine, an antagonist of NMDA receptors, as well as partial rescue of NOS2 expression in haploinsufficient animals. The silencing of NOS2 expression reduced the MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein 2) levels in activity-induced differentiated PC12 cells. Discussion: our data led us to propose that NOS2 is putatively involved in the neuronal maturation of the inhibitory afferent pathways during neurodevelopment, and such inadequate inhibition of motor programs might be associated to the observed phenotype.

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“…TTM is comorbid to several other psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and obsessivecompulsive disorder (Grant et al, 2016). To investigate this association in NOS2KO, the animals were submitted to the actimeter test, where analyzes both the total activity and the presence of spontaneous repetitive behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) knockout mice as a model of trichotillomania

Casarotto

Biojone

Montezuma

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Trichotillomania (TTM) is an impulse control disorder characterized by repetitive hair pulling/trimming. Barbering behavior (BB) has been observed in laboratory animals and proposed as TTM model. The neurobiological basis of TTM is not clear, but it seems to involve striatal hyperactivity parallel to hypoactivation of prefrontal cortex. In this study we observed that knockout mice to the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) exhibit exacerbated BB following the 4th week of age, as well as increased repetitive movements compared to wild-type mice (WT). These behaviors are associated to decreased levels of NMDA receptor subunit (NR1) in prefrontal cortex, while an increase was observed in striatum of NOS2KO compared to WT. Striatal neurons from NOS2KO also exhibited increased number of branches compared to WT. The repeated treatment with clomipramine, a clinically approved drug to treat TTM in humans, or memantine, an antagonist of NMDA receptors, as well as partial rescue of NOS2 expression in haploinsufficient animals, attenuated the expression of BB. The silencing of NOS2 expression reduced the MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein 2) levels in activity-induced differentiated PC12 cells. Our data led us to propose that NOS2 regulates the neuronal maturation of the inhibitory afferent pathways to striatum during neurodevelopment, and such inadequate inhibition of striatal motor programs might be associated to the observed phenotype.

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Trichotillomania and co-occurring anxiety

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Trichotillomania is more related to Tourette disorder than to obsessive-compulsive disorder

Trichotillomania is more related to Tourette disorder than to obsessive-compulsive disorder

Peer Review #2 of "Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) knockout mice as a model of trichotillomania (v0.1)"

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) knockout mice as a model of trichotillomania

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