Trichothecenes

Cope, Rhian B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811410-0.00075-1

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…22 However, pure ammonia is hazardous and must be stored and handled under high pressure. 23,24 Consequently, due to the strict regulations of ammonia use, less toxic solid ammonium salt fertilizers have displaced pure ammonia in agricultural practices. 25…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways of ammonia electrooxidation on nickel hydroxide anodes and an alternative route towards recycled fertilizers

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways of ammonia electrooxidation on nickel hydroxide anodes and an alternative route towards recycled fertilizers

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on different substitutions at five positions of the structure, they can be chemically classified into four types. The T-2 belongs to group A trichothecenes [4]. According to recent surveys, depending on different regions, approximately 40%-60% of main commodities contained various mycotoxins above risk threshold in Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Effects of T-2 Toxin on Primary Hepatic Cell Culture Models of Chickens

Mackei

Orbán

Molnár

et al. 2020

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trichothecene mycotoxins such as T-2 toxin cause severe problems for agriculture, as well as for veterinary medicine. As liver is one of the key organs in metabolism, the main aim of our study was to investigate the immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects of T-2 toxin, using primary hepatocyte mono-culture and hepatocyte—nonparenchymal cell (predominantly Kupffer cell) co-culture models of chicken. Cultures were exposed to 10 (T10 group), 100 (T100 group) and 1000 (T1000 group) nmol/L T-2 toxin treatment for 8 or 24 h. Alterations of cellular metabolic activity, the production of reactive oxygen species (extracellular H2O2), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and the concentration of different inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL-)6 and IL-8 were investigated. Metabolic activity was intensely decreased by T-2 toxin administration in all of the cell culture models, in every applied concentration and incubation time. Concentrations of HSP70 and IL-8 were significantly increased in hepatocyte mono-cultures exposed to higher T-2 toxin levels (both in T100 and T1000 groups for HSP70 and in T1000 group for IL-8, respectively) compared to controls after 24 h incubation. Similarly, IL-6 levels were also significantly elevated in the T100 and T1000 groups in both of mono- and co-cultures, but only after 8 h of incubation time. In spite of the general harmful effects of T-2 toxin treatment, no significant differences were observed on reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, the two cell culture models showed different levels of H2O2, HSP70, and IL-8 concentrations independently of T-2 toxin supplementation. In conclusion, the established primary cell cultures derived from chicken proved to be proper models to study the specific molecular effects caused by T-2 toxin. Metabolic activity and immune status of the different examined cell cultures were intensively affected; however, no changes were found in H2O2 levels.

show abstract

“…In addition, the toxic effect of TCs on humans and animals was related to animal species, age, dosage and the type of TCs. The oral acute LD 50 of T-2 for mammals and poultry was in the range of 4–10 mg/kg [ 113 ]. After oral intake of T-2 in animal diet, it can be absorbed in the digestive tract, which shows toxic effects on the digestive system, causing damage to digestive tract mucosa and finally reducing the absorption rate of nutrients, showing symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea and extensive visceral bleeding [ 114 , 115 ].…”

Section: Occurrence Contamination and Toxicity Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination, Detection and Control of Mycotoxins in Fruits and Vegetables

Nan

Xue

2022

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic fungi that colonize fruits and vegetables either during harvesting or during storage. Mycotoxin contamination in fruits and vegetables has been a major problem worldwide, which poses a serious threat to human and animal health through the food chain. This review systematically describes the major mycotoxigenic fungi and the produced mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables, analyzes recent mycotoxin detection technologies including chromatography coupled with detector (i.e., mass, ultraviolet, fluorescence, etc.) technology, electrochemical biosensors technology and immunological techniques, as well as summarizes the degradation and detoxification technologies of mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables, including physical, chemical and biological methods. The future prospect is also proposed to provide an overview and suggestions for future mycotoxin research directions.

show abstract

Trichothecenes

Cited by 13 publications

References 63 publications

Pathways of ammonia electrooxidation on nickel hydroxide anodes and an alternative route towards recycled fertilizers

Pathways of ammonia electrooxidation on nickel hydroxide anodes and an alternative route towards recycled fertilizers

Cellular Effects of T-2 Toxin on Primary Hepatic Cell Culture Models of Chickens

Contamination, Detection and Control of Mycotoxins in Fruits and Vegetables

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About