Tricholoma matsutake Y1 strain associated with Pinus densiflora shows a gradient of in vitro ectomycorrhizal specificity with Pinaceae and oak hosts

Ectomycorrhizas in vitro between Tricholoma matsutake, a basidiomycete that associates with Pinaceae, and Betula platyphylla var. japonica, an early-successional birch species, in cool-temperate forests

“…The small amounts of sugars were added to sustain the initial growth of both cultured partners, although the fungus acted as a root endophyte, and not as an ectomycorrhizal symbiont (Murata et al 2013. When sterilized properly, the granite-based soil substrate performed well for co-culturing T. matsutake and plants without any contamination over a prolonged incubation period (Kobayashi et al 2007;Murata et al 2013Murata et al , 2014Yamada et al 2006Yamada et al , 2010Yamada et al , 2014. Thus far, this is the only in vitro system to reproduce naturally occurring T. matsutake ectomycorrhizas, i.e., roots containing both Hartig nets and thin but distinct fungal sheaths, which are tightly covered by the dense aerial hyphae shiros (Kobayashi et al 2007;Masui 1927;Yamada et al 2006Yamada et al , 2010Yamada et al , 2014.…”

“…When sterilized properly, the granite-based soil substrate performed well for co-culturing T. matsutake and plants without any contamination over a prolonged incubation period (Kobayashi et al 2007;Murata et al 2013Murata et al , 2014Yamada et al 2006Yamada et al , 2010Yamada et al , 2014. Thus far, this is the only in vitro system to reproduce naturally occurring T. matsutake ectomycorrhizas, i.e., roots containing both Hartig nets and thin but distinct fungal sheaths, which are tightly covered by the dense aerial hyphae shiros (Kobayashi et al 2007;Masui 1927;Yamada et al 2006Yamada et al , 2010Yamada et al , 2014. "Artificial" substrates with either agar media covered by clay beads, vermiculite, or vermiculite mixed with andosol and pine bark powder have yielded only Hartig nets with very thin or no fungal sheaths (Guerin-Laguette et al 2004;Vaario et al 2010;Yamada et al 1999b).…”

“…Yamanaka et al (2014) reported that the symbiont formed ectomycorrhizas with Quercus serrata and Quercus phillyraeoides (Fagaceae) inhabiting low-altitude/temperate climate areas in Japan and with natural hosts of its close relatives Tricholoma bakamatsutake and Tricholoma fulvocastaneum in a substrate containing 2 % glucose, a rather high sugar concentration that often allows ectomycorrhizal formation between unusual plant-microbe combinations (Duddridge 1986a, b). In fact, Yamada et al (2014) documented that ectomycorrhizas were not synthesized between T. matsutake and either Q. serrata or Q. phillyraeoides in a granite-based soil substrate with 0.2 % glucose. Therefore, no ectomycorrhizas had previously been formed between T. matsutake and any broad-leaved tree in a low-sugar granite soil system.…”

Post-fire Successions of Vegetation and Pinus koraiensis Ectomycorrhizal Communities in Korean Pine–Broadleaf Forests of the Central Sikhote-Alin

“…Korean pine, similar to all tree species of nemoral and boreal forests, forms an obligate symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, which was revealed both in the study of ground variety of fungi by collection of fruit bodies (Vasilyeva, 1973;Vasilyeva, 1982), and in morphological-anatomical and molecular analysis of mycorrhizal endings (Zengpu et al, 1995;LePage et al, 1997;Choi et al, 2005;Malysheva et al, 2014;Yamada et al, 2014). The symbiosis of representatives of genus Pinus and ECM fungi has formed over 50 million years ago (LePage et al, 1997).…”

Below-Ground Ectomycorrhizal Community Structure in the Postfire Successional Pinus koraiensis Forests in the Central Sikhote-Alin (the Russian Far East)

“…All Pinus species, like most tree species in the temperate and boreal ecosystems, was shown to have obligate symbiosis with EcM fungi required for their normal growth and functioning (Read 1998, Smith & Read 2008. P. koraiensis, a fiveneedle pine of subgenus Strobus (Price et al 1998), is no exception, and its mycor rhizal status has been reliably confirmed by previous stud ies (Zengpu et al 1995, Kikuchi & Futai 2003, Choi et al 2005, Yamada et al 2014. However, all the papers quoted have focused only on narrow issues relating to antagonism between ectomycorrhizal symbionts and fungal pathogens, fruiting bodies of certain species biomass estimation, or the chemicals' effects on the activity of mycorrhiza.…”