Trichoderma Enzymes for Degradation of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A

Abstract

The contamination of agricultural products with mycotoxins causes risks to animal and human health and severe economic losses. Mycotoxicoses can be reduced by preventing fungal infection using chemical and biological approaches. The chemical strategies can release toxic molecules; therefore, strategies for biological control are being evaluated, such as using nontoxic fungi and their metabolites. This work evaluated the effect of exoenzymes produced by the beneficial fungus Trichoderma afroharzianum strain T22 in degrading Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Ochratoxin A (OTA). The ability of Trichoderma to produce hydrolases was stimulated by using different inducing substrates. The highest AFB1 and OTA degradation activity was obtained using a medium containing lyophilized mushrooms and crude fiber. The T. afroharzianum T22’s ability to reduce mycotoxins may be attributed to peroxidase enzymes. This study showed that T.afroharzianum strain T22 or its peroxidase supplementation could represent a sustainable strategy for the degradation of AFB1 and OTA in feed and food products.

Trichoderma versus Fusarium—Inhibition of Pathogen Growth and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis

“…Recent studies have proven that Trichoderma fungi are not only capable of displaying antagonistic properties towards other pathogenic fungi but can also inhibit the biosynthesis of mycotoxins [ 24 ]. Furthermore, enzymes secreted by these fungi may promote mycotoxin degradation or biotransformation [ 25 ]. Mycotoxin modifications involving fungal enzymes can lead to the formation of new compounds with varying in toxicity compared to their basic analogues [ 26 ].…”

Mining Lactonase Gene from Aflatoxin B1-Degrading Strain Bacillus megaterium and Degrading Properties of the Recombinant Enzyme

“…For example, Trichoderma afroharzianum strain T22 produces a peroxidase that degrades both AFB 1 and OTA. 48 Similarly, a strain of Bacillus screened by Petchkongkaew et al was effective in degrading AFB 1 and OTA; however, the enzymes involved in the detoxification process were not investigated. 49 Consequently, we verified that different toxins could be degraded by AttM.…”

“…Therefore, the development of biodegradable products that can simultaneously degrade multiple fungal toxins is essential. For example, Trichoderma afroharzianum strain T22 produces a peroxidase that degrades both AFB 1 and OTA . Similarly, a strain of Bacillus screened by Petchkongkaew et al was effective in degrading AFB 1 and OTA; however, the enzymes involved in the detoxification process were not investigated .…”

Advanced mycotoxin control and decontamination techniques in view of an increased aflatoxin risk in Europe due to climate change

“…Among the extracellular cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Trichoderma spp., peroxidase has been shown to degrade AFs ( Dini et al, 2022 ) and inhibit hyphal growth, while protease P6281 showed inhibitory activity on conidial germination and mycelial growth ( Deng et al, 2018 ).…”