Trichoderma asperelloides ethanolic extracts efficiently inhibit Staphylococcus growth and biofilm formation

Santos, Simone Setúbal dos; Augusto, Danillo G.; Alves, Patricia Alves Casaes; Pereira, Julia S.; Duarte, Larissa M. B.; Melo, P. C.; Gross, Eduardo; Kaneto, Carla Martins; Silva, Aline; Santos, Jane Lima dos

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202828

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…We have previously shown that an in vivo treatment of cerebral malaria with the ethanolic extract of Trichoderma stromaticum has promising effects, including reduction of parasitemia and inflammation, increased survival, and prevention of neurological signs of cerebral malaria in C57BL/6 mice (Cariaco et al, 2018 ). In a similar way, the use of crude ethanolic extracts of T. asperelloides and its fraction can efficiently inhibit Staphylococcus growth and biofilm formation, representing a candidate for the development of new antibiotics against gram-positive bacteria (Santos et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanolic Extract of the Fungus Trichoderma asperelloides Induces Ultrastructural Effects and Death on Leishmania amazonensis

Lopes

Santos

Anjos

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The Trichoderma genus comprises several species of fungi whose diversity of secondary metabolites represents a source of potential molecules with medical application. Because of increased pathogen resistance and demand for lower production costs, the search for new pharmacologically active molecules effective against pathogens has become more intense. This is particularly evident in the case of American cutaneous leishmaniasis due to the high toxicity of current treatments, parenteral administration, and increasing rate of refractory cases. We have previously shown that a fungus from genus Trichoderma can be used for treating cerebral malaria in mouse models and inhibit biofilm formation. Here, we evaluated the effect of the ethanolic extract of Trichoderma asperelloides (Ext-Ta) and its fractions on promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis , a major causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World. Ext-Ta displayed leishmanicidal action on L. amazonensis parasites, and its pharmacological activity was associated with the low-molecular-weight fraction (LMWF) of Ext-Ta. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated morphological alterations in the mitochondria and the flagellar pocket of promastigotes, with increased lipid body and acidocalcisome formation, microtubule disorganization of the cytoplasm, and intense vacuolization of the cytoplasm when amastigotes were present. We suggest the antiparasitic activity of Trichoderma fungi as a promising tool for developing chemotherapeutic leishmanicidal agents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanolic Extract of the Fungus Trichoderma asperelloides Induces Ultrastructural Effects and Death on Leishmania amazonensis

Lopes

Santos

Anjos

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…For bacteria, a previous study revealed that endophytic fungal extract, Trichoderma asperelloides affected bacterial cells by inducing cellular damages including cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane disturbance. 60 Besides, Yenn 61 suggested that the mode of action of endophytic fungal extract, Penicillium purpurogenum ED76 causes significant damage to bacterial cells including invaginations of the cell wall. As for yeast, the majority of the previous studies observed the fungal extracts affected the fungal cell wall and membrane structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

**Muscodor sp. IBRL OS-94, A Promising Endophytic Fungus of Ocimum sanctum with Antimicrobial Activity**

2020

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Background: An endophytic fungus, Muscodor sp. IBRL OS-94 isolated from the leaf of Ocimum sanctum was believed to possess significant antimicrobial activity and several assays were carried out to evaluate its pharmaceutical potential. Methods: Agar plug diffusion and the disk diffusion assays were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the fungal extract. Also, the broth microdilution assay was done to investigate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fungal extract. Meanwhile, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to observe the structural degeneration of the microbial cells treated to the extract. Results: The results revealed that fungal isolate showed favorable antimicrobial activity through agar plug diffusion assay and the disk diffusion assay demonstrated that most of the test microorganisms were susceptible to extracellular extract compared to extracellular extract. As for the MIC and MLC values, the extracellular fungal extract exerted a bactericidal/fungicidal effect against all five Gram-positive bacteria, four Gram-negative bacteria, one yeast, and none of the test fungi. Meanwhile, the intracellular fungal extract exhibited bactericidal/fungicidal activity against three Gram-positive bacteria, one Gram-negative bacterium, and one yeast. The structural degeneration study via SEM revealed that various cell abnormalities including severe damage to the cell wall which led to microbial cell death. Conclusion: The present study suggests the fungal extract from Muscodor sp. IBRLOS-94 as an antimicrobial agent.

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“…The mature biofilm test was performed following Santos et al (2018) method. For that, 200 µL of 24 h bacteria cultured in BHI were seeded in 96 microwell plates.…”

Section: Biofilm Biomass Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genipa americana fruit ethanolic extract in the control of environmental infecting agents

Paloma,

Eanes,

Luiza

et al. 2023

J. Med. Plants Res.

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The choice of substances that are not harmful to man and the environment is a priority in the production of sanitizing products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the disinfectant action and biofilm biomass reduction of the ethanolic extract of Genipa americana fruit. The extract disinfectant efficacy was assessed by modified Kelsey-Sykes, solid surface, and use-dilution methods. Also, the ability of the extract to disrupt biofilm mass was evaluated. Standard disinfectants and Gentamicin were used as control. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA and MLSB Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus species were used as infective and biofilm-forming microorganisms. G. americana fruit extract was not as effective as C12-C14 and BCB, however, it was more effective over Staphylococcus bacteria than 70% alcohol on stainless steel surface for a shorter exposure time. The extract did not show the ability to remove adhered P. aeruginosa nor to disrupt the mature biofilm. The ethanolic extract of genipap did not show optimal disinfectant action in the simulated critical environment; however, considering the reported antimicrobial action of this extract, more studies should be considered to find the best formula to improve this extract's disinfectant efficacy.

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Trichoderma asperelloides ethanolic extracts efficiently inhibit Staphylococcus growth and biofilm formation

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Ethanolic Extract of the Fungus Trichoderma asperelloides Induces Ultrastructural Effects and Death on Leishmania amazonensis

Ethanolic Extract of the Fungus Trichoderma asperelloides Induces Ultrastructural Effects and Death on Leishmania amazonensis

**Muscodor sp. IBRL OS-94, A Promising Endophytic Fungus of Ocimum sanctum with Antimicrobial Activity**

Genipa americana fruit ethanolic extract in the control of environmental infecting agents

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