Tribological behaviour of refined bleached and deodorized palm olein in different loads using a four-ball tribotester

Ing, Tiong Chiong; Rafiq, Ahmad; Yahya, Azli; Samion, Syahrullail

doi:10.1016/j.scient.2012.10.027

Cited by 50 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It was reported that the untreated MO (paraffinic oil) produced lower wear than PO, however the difference is just about 20% 52 . The superior wear resistance performance exhibited by the commercial MO over vegetable oils (98% difference) in this study could be attributed by the existent of the additive package which included an antiwear agent, zink dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 98%

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Friction and wear response of vegetable oils and their blends with mineral engine oil in a reciprocating sliding contact at severe contact conditions

Bahari

Lewis

Slatter

2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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Although many studies investigating the tribological performance of pure vegetable oils have been conducted, a better understanding of vegetable oil tribological performance at extreme conditions is still needed. Similarly, little work has been carried out to study the influence of the vegetable oils on the performance of a lubricant formed from a blend of vegetable oil and conventional mineral engine oil. This work presents the tribological performance of vegetable oils, and their blends with mineral oil, in a high temperature and contact pressure reciprocating contact. Palm and soybean based vegetable oils were mixed with a commercial mineral engine oil at a 1:1 ratio by volume. The conventional mineral oil was also tested to provide a benchmark. The pure palm oil exhibited lower friction than soybean oil, but for wear performance, this was reversed. The friction performance of the palm oil was competitive to that of the mineral engine oil. The mineral engine oil was far superior in wear resistance over both vegetable oils. When blended with mineral engine oil both vegetable oils demonstrated a reduction in coefficient of friction when compared to their pure oil states. An improvement in wear performance was observed for both a blend of palm oil and mineral engine oil (25% improvement) and that of soybean and mineral engine oil (27% improvement). This work shows that for palm oil and soybean oil, the performance of a blended oil is influenced by its vegetable oil component and that tribological characteristics of vegetable oils are dominant. That said, the significant limitation of these vegetable oils is their ability to provide a satisfactory level of wear resistance. It is suggested that any future work in this area should have a greater emphasis on the enhancement of wear resistance.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition to this, the value of COF for MO (0.093) in this study is close to the COF of MoDTP additive in hydrocarbon base oil (COF=0.08) 51 . The existence of friction modifier in the commercial lubricant is significant in reducing the friction as untreated MO (paraffinic MO) produced higher friction than PO at different normal load 52 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction and wear response of vegetable oils and their blends with mineral engine oil in a reciprocating sliding contact at severe contact conditions

Bahari

Lewis

Slatter

2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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“…Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the equipment. The main components of the equipment are ball pot cum oil cup, lock ring, collet, rotating spindle, heating plate, thermocouple, and torque arm [41]. The equipment uses four identical steel balls: three at the bottom and the fourth on the top.…”

Section: Four-ball Test Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the WSD increases with increase in normal load. As the normal load is increased, the two rolling surfaces move closer to each other due to high surface pressure and thus lead to increased WSD [20,41]. Temperature has same effect on WSD as normal load.…”

Section: Wear Scar Diameter Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have been undertaken to investigate the friction and wear properties of avocado oil [29], Calophyllum inophyllum oil [16], canola (rapeseed) oil [17,25,29,[36][37][38], coconut oil [26], corn oil [29], cotton seed oil [30], jatropha oil [13, 19-24, 31, 39], jojoba oil [12], Lunaria annua oil [40], olive oil [29], palm oil [6,15,18,22,28,34,41], peanut oil [25,29], rice bran oil [14], rubber tree seed oil [10,32], safflower oil [12,29], sesame oil [29], soybean oil [25,29,33,[42][43][44], and sunflower oil [27,43,45,46], or their chemically modified derivatives. Friction and wear behaviors of direct fatty acids derived synthetic esters have also been examined for their potential application as alternate lubricants [4,35,47,48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Friction and wear behavior of karanja oil derived biolubricant base oil

Sharma

Sachan

2019

SN Appl. Sci.

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This work deals with the tribological performance of karanja oil trimethylolpropane ester (KOTMPE) biolubricant base oil for its probable application as automotive lubricant. The biolubricant was synthesized by transesterification of karanja oil methyl ester with trimethylolpropane (TMP) under acid catalyst. The study was made with Ducom TR30L four-ball tester at 1200 rev min −1 speed and 75 °C temperature over 60 min duration under normal loads of 15 kg and 40 kg as per ASTM D 4172-94 A and B standard test method. Principal results at two loads are given here: Coefficient of friction (CoF) 0.100 and 0.042, wear scar diameter (WSD) 0.30 mm and 0.44 mm, flash temperature parameter (FTP) 80.932 and 126.249, and thermal energy (TE) 0.054 J and 0.060 J, respectively. The study found that KOTMPE has lowest CoF than any vegetable oil, TMP ester or commercial lubricant. Similarly, the WSD was lowest among all the vegetable oil based lubricants and was at par with SAE 20W-50 and SAE 40 commercial lubricants. FTP was better compared to any vegetable oil or TMP ester. Finally, the energy efficiency of KOTMPE was better than that of other vegetable oils, TMP esters and mineral lubricants. The synthesized ester demonstrated the outstanding performance in terms of friction and wear characteristics along with high thermal stability and energy efficiency worthy of comparison with multiple lubricating products reported by different research groups in available literature during last two decades.

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