The Wiley‐Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Theory 2017
DOI: 10.1002/9781118430873.est0392
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Tribes

Abstract: Tribes probably originated with fully modern Homo sapiens beginning about 200,000 years ago. The tribe was the minimal social unit that could in theory be a self‐sufficient and self‐replicating, endogamous, or in‐marrying group sharing a language and territory. Marriage within a tribe was between exogamous subgroups designated as bands, clans, or moieties. Tribes are composed of autonomous subgroups with weak leaders rather than rulers, and they split when conflicts arise, rather than c… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications
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“…Oncultureandtheacquisitionofit,andgiventheimportanceacquiredbycognitive(mental) andcommunicative(relational)character,itcanbesaidthatthedegreeofculturalassimilationwill depend to a great extent on what we can learn thanks to social relations (Bodley, 1994) and the communicationthattakesplacethankstowhatwe(humans)sharesocially,whetheritissomething originallygeneratedbyusornot.…”
Section: Foundationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Oncultureandtheacquisitionofit,andgiventheimportanceacquiredbycognitive(mental) andcommunicative(relational)character,itcanbesaidthatthedegreeofculturalassimilationwill depend to a great extent on what we can learn thanks to social relations (Bodley, 1994) and the communicationthattakesplacethankstowhatwe(humans)sharesocially,whetheritissomething originallygeneratedbyusornot.…”
Section: Foundationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From an eco-socialist perspective, due to European invasion and colonization of Australia beginning in the late 18th century, First Peoples lost access by and large to their commons. Without seeking to romanticize First Nation Australians, John Bodley (2017) provides the following depiction of what social life looked like for them:Aboriginal people maintained and transmitted the broad features of their culture for millennia because it allowed them to enjoy the good life. The culture was sustainable because it worked for people.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While anthropologists have long recognized that for First Nation peoples, land and water constitute genres of the commons, as a form of collective ownership (Bodley, 2017; Patterson, 2009), the growing awareness of anthropogenic climate change has expanded the definition of the commons to include the atmosphere. While in the past the burning of wood and animal dung for cooking and slash and burn horticulture produced some carbon dioxide emissions and various agricultural activities in early state societies resulted in the release of methane into the atmospheric commons, the advent of fossil capitalism has dramatically accelerated the rate of CO 2 emissions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…further adds three basics components of culture, namely: what people think, what they do, and material products they produce. All forms of culture exhibit unique ways and value systems that aid and affect individuals in their perception and reaction to different life circumstances [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%