Triazine mediated covalent antibiotic grafting on cotton fabrics as a modular approach for developing antimicrobial barriers

Abstract

New antimicrobial textiles were prepared through direct chemical linkage of bioactive molecules eugenol and fluoroquinolone derivatives, onto the surface of cotton fabrics. The attachment through a triazine moiety minimizes the leaching of the antimicrobial molecule into the surroundings of the material. Bacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied. The treated textile with fluoroquinolone demonstrated bacteriostatic antimicrobial effects having a tendency to decrease the population of S. aureus in the planktonic form. A significant effect was also observed in the prevention of S. aureus biofilm formation and in its ability to kill bacteria within a preformed biofilm. Eugenolmodified fabric was also active in the process of eradicating preformed P. aeruginosa biofilms.Further, in vitro assays using human dermal fibroblast cells indicate no effects on cell proliferation and viability, and in vivo tests in a murine skin wound model showed no increase of IL-6 for full-thickness wounds that were in contact with the fabrics.

Coated Cotton Fabrics with Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Silica Nanoparticles for Improving Wound Healing

“…Some experiments were carried out to demonstrate that these covalently attached microbicidal fluoroquinolone derivatives do not leach from the fabric surface, and thus, they do not contribute to the development of resistance. 15 With the SiO 2 @Norflox-Ibu (TEOS/2c 40:1) and Fabric-SiO 2 @Norflox-Ibu (TEOS/2c 40:1) in hand, the release of the bioactive components was studied, assaying proteases such as trypsin, papain, and proteinase K. These enzymes would produce the cleavage of the amide bonds (Figure 5), giving rise to ibuprofen and norfloxacin release. First, the detachment from nanoparticles SiO 2 @Norflox-Ibu (TEOS/2c 40:1, 20 mg) was tested (Table 2, entries 1−3).…”

“…The bactericidal activity of the functionalized fabrics was demonstrated, and of note, no release of the covalent-linked antibiotic was needed. 15 Following our program, we then prepared anti-inflammatory cotton fabrics by direct covalent attachment of antiinflammatory (anti-inf) silylated drugs derivatives (salicylic acid, ibuprofen and diclofenac) onto the surface of cotton fabrics through an amide group. 16 In addition, as silica nanoparticles present significant advantages in biomedical applications, we synthesized functionalized silica nanoparticles using the same drug derivatives through an amide group and used them for the coating of textiles (Figure 1, bottom left).…”

Antimicrobial textile: recent developments and functional perspective

“…The fluoroquinolone treated cotton fabric demonstrated bacteriostatic action against S. aureus in the planktonic as well as a preformed biofilm. Similarly, eugenol treated fabric actively eradicated the preformed P. aeruginosa biofilms [ 49 ]. Isocyanate group containing quaternary ammonium salt was developed as a potential agent for non-leaching type antimicrobial cotton fabric by a dipping–padding–drying process.…”

In Situ Functionalization of Cellulose with Zinc Pyrithione for Antimicrobial Applications

“…In addition to the antimicrobial activity, antimicrobial agents must be durable during their use and should not damage or alter the desirable inherent properties of the textiles. Chemical reaction methodologies, such as raft polymerization, , click chemistry, and triazine chemistry, − were employed to sustain the antimicrobial property along with wash durability. Chitosan-based polymeric matrixes in combination with other agents have been used for obtaining durable antibacterial properties .…”